展示了各种水果的图片及其名字,点击子项会出现对应的水果名,如图
实现步骤:
1、现在activity_main.xml中加入一个ListView控件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ListView
android:id="@+id/list_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>
2、创建一个Fruit类,作为ListView适配器的适配类型。
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imageId;
public Fruit(String name,int imageId){
this.name=name;
this.imageId=imageId;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getImageId(){
return imageId;
}
}
创建一个fruit_item.xml,包含一个ImageView用于显示水果图片,和一个TextView用于显示水果名
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>
3、创建一个自定义适配器类FruitAdapater,继承ArrayAdapter。FruitAdapter类重写了getView()方法,这个方法在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内时都会被调用。其中还自定义了ViewHolder类,用于减少控件的创建次数,提升ListView的运行效率
//自定义适配器
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
private int resourceId;
public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects){
super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
resourceId=textViewResourceId;
}
@Override
//getView方法在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内时会被调用
//在getView方法中,首先通过getItem方法获得当前项的Fruit实例,然后使用LayoutInflater来为这个子项加载我们传入的布局
//convertView参数用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存,以便之后可以重用,所以它可以提升ListView的运行效率
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
Fruit fruit=getItem(position);//获取当前项的Fruit实例
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;//用来保存控件的实例
if(convertView==null){
view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);//第一个参数:要加载的布局文件的id;第二个参数:给加载好的布局再添加一个父布局
viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.fruitImage=view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
viewHolder.fruitName=view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
view.setTag(viewHolder);//将viewHolder存在view中
}else{
view=convertView;
viewHolder=(ViewHolder)view.getTag();//重新获得viewHolder,这样就不用每次都去创建控件了,只需修改一下名字和图片就行
}
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
class ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
}
}
4、在MainActivity类中,创建一个自定义适配器的实例,将fruit_item.xml和fruitList作为参数传给它,再将这个适配器传给ListView。并实现一些点击事件的响应。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();//初始化水果数据
FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
//数组中的数据无法直接传给ListView,所以需要适配器
//ArrayAdapter的构造函数参数:上下文,ListView子项布局的id,要适配的数据
ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long id) {
Fruit fruit=fruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
private void initFruits(){
for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
Fruit apple=new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit banana=new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.banana_pic);
fruitList.add(banana);
Fruit orange=new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange_pic);
fruitList.add(orange);
Fruit watermelon=new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
fruitList.add(watermelon);
Fruit pear=new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear_pic);
fruitList.add(pear);
Fruit grape=new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape_pic);
fruitList.add(grape);
Fruit pineapple=new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
fruitList.add(pineapple);
Fruit strawberry=new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
fruitList.add(strawberry);
Fruit cherry=new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry_pic);
fruitList.add(cherry);
Fruit mango=new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango_pic);
fruitList.add(mango);
}
}
}