java Socket通信

        Socket 翻译过来为“套接字”，英文含义为插座，先看下百科上对套接字的定义： TCP用主机的IP地址加上主机的端口号作为TCP连接的端点，这种端点就叫做套接字（Socket）或插口。套接字用（IP地址：端口号）表示，它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示，包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息：连接使用的协议，本地主机的IP地址，本地进程的协议端口，远地主机的IP地址，远地进程的协议端口。

       感觉说了太多废话，简单点就是socket是在应用层和传输层的一个抽象层，它把对传输层的复杂操作抽象成几个简单的接口，应用层通过调用实现进程中的通信。看下图吧：

对于网络通信了解有限的童鞋不必深究，先会用再说

简单讲就是假设一个Socket客户端，一个Socket服务端，开启Socket服务端之后，服务端会进入循环监听状态等待客户端的连接，客户端发送请求后，继而连接成功后也就打通了数据传输通道。

主要还是直接写代码测试，最后再去进一步理解：

服务端：

package Testdemo;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Date;

public class ServerThread extends Thread{
	
	// 和本线程相关的Socket
    Socket socket = null;
    public ServerThread(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    //线程执行的操作，响应客户端的请求
    public void run(){
        InputStream is=null;
        InputStreamReader isr=null;
        BufferedReader br=null;
        OutputStream os=null;
        PrintWriter pw=null;
        try {
            //获取输入流，并读取客户端信息
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
            br = new BufferedReader(isr);
            String info=null;
            while((info=br.readLine())!=null){//循环读取客户端的信息
                System.out.println("我是服务器，客户端说："+info);
            }
            socket.shutdownInput();//关闭输入流
            
            //获取输出流，响应客户端的请求
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            pw = new PrintWriter(os);
            pw.write("欢迎您！client: "+socket.getLocalSocketAddress()+",时间 ："+new Date());
            pw.flush();//调用flush()方法将缓冲输出
            socket.shutdownOutput();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            //关闭资源
            try {
                if(pw!=null)
                    pw.close();
                if(os!=null)
                    os.close();
                if(br!=null)
                    br.close();
                if(isr!=null)
                    isr.close();
                if(is!=null)
                    is.close();
                if(socket!=null)
                    socket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

客户端：

package Testdemo;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class ClientThread extends Thread{

	String info = null;
	
	public ClientThread(String info){
		this.info = info;
	}
	public void run(){
		try {
			Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8989);
			OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
			os.write(info.getBytes());
			os.flush();
			socket.shutdownOutput();
			
			// 接受服务器返回的消息
        	InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        	BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
        	System.out.println("服务器返回消息说："+br.readLine());
			os.close();
			br.close();
			inputStream.close();
			socket.close();
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

测试入口：

package Testdemo;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Date;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestSocket {
	
	@Test
	public void testClient(){
		
		Socket client = null;
		OutputStream outputStream = null;
		OutputStreamWriter ow = null;
		int i =1;
		for(;i<3;i++){
			try {
				// 创建一个socket对象，并建立网络连接（可以使用以下三种方式任何一种）
				client = new Socket("localhost",8989);
//				client = new Socket("127.0.0.1",8989);
//				client = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),8989);
				System.out.println("client socket "+client.hashCode()+",建立了socket实例时间："+new Date());
				//设置等待
				client.setSoTimeout(15000);
				//获取远程请求地址和端口
				InetAddress inetAddress = client.getInetAddress();
				int port = client.getPort();
				String hostAddress = inetAddress.getHostAddress();
				String hostName = inetAddress.getHostName();
				InetAddress localHost = inetAddress.getLocalHost();
				System.out.println("远程主机 ："+inetAddress+",远程端口："+port+",远程hostAddress："+hostAddress+",远程hostName："+hostName);
				
				//获取发起的地址和端口
				InetAddress localAddress = client.getLocalAddress();
				int localPort = client.getLocalPort();
				String hostAddress2 = localAddress.getHostAddress();
				String hostName2 = localAddress.getHostName();
				System.out.println("本地主机 ："+localAddress+",本地端口 :"+localPort+",本地hostAddress："+hostAddress2+",本地hostName："+hostName2);
				//打开输出流，要发送消息
				outputStream = client.getOutputStream();
				ow = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
				ow.write("I'm jane,please take care!");
				ow.flush();
				// 关掉输出流，说明客户端已经写完了
				client.shutdownOutput();
				
				//获取输入流，接收服务器返回的消息
				InputStream inputStream = client.getInputStream();
				InputStream is=inputStream;
				BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
				String info=null;
				while((info=br.readLine())!=null){
				    System.out.println("我是客户端，服务器说："+info);
				}
			}catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}finally{
				try {
					outputStream.close();
					client.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
		}
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testClientThread(){
		while(true){
			InputStream is=null;
	        InputStreamReader isr=null;
	        BufferedReader br=null;
	        Socket socket = null;
    		OutputStream outputStream = null;
	        try {
	            is = System.in;
	            isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
	            br = new BufferedReader(isr);
	            String info=null;
	            while((info=br.readLine())!=null){//循环读取客户端的信息
	            	System.out.println("当前输入的信息是："+info);
	        		try {
	        			socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8989);
	        			outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
	        			outputStream.write(info.getBytes());
		            	outputStream.flush();
		            	socket.shutdownOutput();
		            	
		            	// 接受服务器返回的消息
		            	InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
		            	br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
		            	System.out.println("服务器返回消息说："+br.readLine());
	        		}catch (IOException e1) {
	        			e1.printStackTrace();
	        		}
	            	
	            }
	        } catch (IOException e) {
	            e.printStackTrace();
	        }finally{
	            
	        }
		}
	}
	@Test
	public void testClientThread2(){
		while(true){
			InputStream is=null;
			InputStreamReader isr=null;
			BufferedReader br=null;
			try {
				is = System.in;
				isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
				br = new BufferedReader(isr);
				String info=null;
				while((info=br.readLine())!=null){//循环读取客户端的信息
					System.out.println("当前输入的信息是："+info);
					ClientThread thread = new ClientThread(info);
					thread.start();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testServer(){
		try{
			ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8989);
			Socket socket=null;
	        //记录客户端的数量
	        int count=0;
	        System.out.println("***服务器即将启动，等待客户端的连接***");
	        //循环监听等待客户端的连接
	        while(true){
	            //调用accept()方法开始监听，等待客户端的连接
	            socket=server.accept();
	            count++;//统计客户端的数量
	            System.out.println("建立了socket实例时间："+new Date()+"，当前客户端的数量："+count+"，当前的socket："+socket.hashCode());
//	            InetAddress inetAddress = socket.getInetAddress();
//	            System.out.println("当前的IP："+inetAddress.getHostAddress()+",当前的本地主机IP："+inetAddress.getLocalHost()+",当前的socket 是"+socket.hashCode());
	            //获取远程请求地址和端口
				InetAddress inetAddress = socket.getInetAddress();
				int port = socket.getPort();
				String hostAddress = inetAddress.getHostAddress();
				String hostName = inetAddress.getHostName();
				InetAddress localHost = inetAddress.getLocalHost();
				System.out.println("远程主机 ："+inetAddress+",远程端口："+port+",远程hostAddress："+hostAddress+",远程hostName："+hostName);
				
				//获取发起的地址和端口
				InetAddress localAddress = socket.getLocalAddress();
				int localPort = socket.getLocalPort();
				String hostAddress2 = localAddress.getHostAddress();
				String hostName2 = localAddress.getHostName();
				System.out.println("本地主机 ："+localAddress+",本地端口 :"+localPort+",本地hostAddress："+hostAddress2+",本地hostName："+hostName2);
	            //创建一个新的线程
	            ServerThread serverThread=new ServerThread(socket);
	            //启动线程
	            serverThread.start();
	        }
	    } catch (IOException e) {
	        e.printStackTrace();
	    }
	}

}