文章目录
1. Vue Router路由管理器
1.1 相关理解
1.1.1 vue-router的理解
- vue 的一个插件库,专门用来实现SPA 应用
1.1.2 对SPA应用的理解
- 单页 Web 应用(single page web application,SPA)
- 整个应用只有一个完整的页面
- 点击页面中的导航链接不会刷新页面,只会做页面的局部更新
- 数据需要通过ajax请求获取
1.1.3 路由的理解
-
什么是路由?
- 一个路由就是一组映射关系(key - value)
- key 为路径,value 可能是 function 或 componen
-
路由分类
-
后端路由:
- 理解:value 是 function,用于处理客户端提交的请求
- 工作过程:服务器接收到一个请求时,根据请求路径找到匹配的函数来处理请求,返回响应数据
-
前端路由:
- 理解:value 是 component,用于展示页面内容
- 工作过程:当浏览器的路径改变时,对应的组件就会显示
-
1.2 基本路由
下载
vue-router
:npm i vue-router
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../components/Home'
import About from '../components/About'
//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home
}
]
})
src/main.js
:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import router from './router'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(VueRouter)
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App),
router
})
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
<div class="list-group">
<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面跳转 -->
<!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a>
<a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->
<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about"> About
</router-link>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">
Home
</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-body">
<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'App',
}
</script>
src/components/Home.vue
:
<template>
<h2>我是Home组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
src/components/About.vue
:
<template>
<h2>我是About组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'About'
}
</script>
总结:
-
安装
vue-router
,命令:npm i vue-router
-
应用插件:
Vue.use(VueRouter)
-
编写router配置项:
//引入VueRouter
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入Luyou 组件
import About from '../components/About'
import Home from '../components/Home'
//创建router实例对象,去管理一组一组的路由规则
const router = new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home
}
]
})
//暴露router
export default router
- 实现切换(
active-class
可配置高亮样式):
<router-link active-class="active" to="/about">About</router-link>
- 指定展示位:
<router-view></router-view>
1.3. 几个注意事项
- 路由组件通常存放在
pages
文件夹,一般组件通常存放在components
文件夹
比如上一节的案例就可以修改为:
src/pages/Home.vue
:
<template>
<h2>我是Home组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
src/pages/About.vue
:
<template>
<h2>我是About组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'About'
}
</script>
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home
}
]
})
src/components/Banner.vue
:
<template>
<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Banner'
}
</script>
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<div class="row">
<Banner/>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
<div class="list-group">
<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面跳转 -->
<!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a>
<a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->
<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">
About
</router-link>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">
Home
</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-body">
<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Banner from './components/Banner.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Banner}
}
</script>
-
通过切换,“隐藏”了的路由组件,默认是被销毁掉的,需要的时候再去挂载
-
每个组件都有自己的$route属性,里面存储着自己的路由信息
-
整个应用只有一个router,可以通过组件的$router属性获取到
1.4. 多级路由
src/pages/Home.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
<div>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">
News
</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">
Message
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
src/pages/News.vue
:
<template>
<ul>
<li>news001</li>
<li>news002</li>
<li>news003</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News'
}
</script>
src/pages/Message.vue
:
<template>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/message1">message001</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/message2">message002</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/message/3">message003</a>
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News'
}
</script>
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message
}
]
}
]
})
效果:
总结:
- 配置路由规则,使用children配置项:
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About,
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[ //通过children配置子级路由
{
path:'news', //此处一定不要写:/news
component:News
},
{
path:'message', //此处一定不要写:/message
component:Message
}
]
}
]
- 跳转(要写完整路径):
<router-link to="/home/news">News</router-link>
1.5. 路由的query参数
src/router.index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
path:'detail',
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Detail.vue
:
<template>
<ul>
<li>消息编号:{{$route.query.id}}</li>
<li>消息标题:{{$route.query.title}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Detail'
}
</script>
src/pages/Message.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的字符串写法 -->
<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">
{{m.title}}
</router-link> -->
<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的对象写法 -->
<router-link :to="{
path:'/home/message/detail',
query:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
}
}
</script>
效果:
总结:
- 传递参数:
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数,to的字符串写法 -->
<router-link :to="/home/message/detail?id=666&title=你好">跳转</router-link>
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数,to的对象写法 -->
<router-link :to="{
path:'/home/message/detail',
query:{
id:666,
title:'你好'
}
}">跳转</router-link>
- 接收参数:
$route.query.id
$route.query.title
1.6. 命名路由
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
//name配置项为路由命名
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail',
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Message.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的字符串写法 -->
<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">
{{m.title}}
</router-link> -->
<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的对象写法 -->
<router-link :to="{
//使用name进行跳转
name:'xiangqing',
query:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
}
}
</script>
总结:
命名路由:
-
作用:可以简化路由的跳转
-
如何使用:
- 给路由命名:
{
path:'/demo',
component:Demo,
children:[
{
path:'test',
component:Test,
children:[
{
name:'hello' //给路由命名
path:'welcome',
component:Hello,
}
]
}
]
}
- 简化跳转:
<!--简化前,需要写完整的路径 -->
<router-link to="/demo/test/welcome">跳转</router-link>
<!--简化后,直接通过名字跳转 -->
<router-link :to="{name:'hello'}">跳转</router-link>
<!--简化写法配合传递参数 -->
<router-link
:to="{
name:'hello',
query:{
id:666,
title:'你好'
}
}"
>跳转</router-link>
1.7. 路由的params参数
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id/:title',//使用占位符声明接收params参数
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Message.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数,to的字符串写法 -->
<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail/${m.id}/${m.title}`">
{{m.title}}
</router-link> -->
<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数,to的对象写法 -->
<router-link :to="{
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
}
}
</script>
src/pages/Detail.vue
:
<template>
<ul>
<li>消息编号:{{$route.params.id}}</li>
<li>消息标题:{{$route.params.title}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Detail'
}
</script>
总结:
- 配置路由,声明接收params参数:
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id/:title', //使用占位符声明接收params参数
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
- 传递参数:
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数,to的字符串写法 -->
<router-link :to="/home/message/detail/666/你好">跳转</router-link>
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数,to的对象写法 -->
<router-link
:to="{
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:666,
title:'你好'
}
}"
>跳转</router-link>
特别注意:路由携带params参数时,若使用to的对象写法,则不能使用path配置项,必须使用name配置!
- 接收参数:
$route.params.id
$route.params.title
1.8. 路由的props配置
src/pages/Message.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<router-link :to="{
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
}
}
</script>
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id/:title',
component:Detail,
//props的第一种写法,值为对象,该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件。
// props:{a:1,b:'hello'}
//props的第二种写法,值为布尔值,若布尔值为真,就会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数,以props的形式传给Detail组件。
// props:true
//props的第三种写法,值为函数
props($route){
return {
id:$route.params.id,
title:$route.params.title,
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Detail.vue
:
<template>
<ul>
<li>消息编号:{{id}}</li>
<li>消息标题:{{title}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Detail',
props:['id','title']
}
</script>
总结:
- 作用:让路由组件更方便的收到参数
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id',
component:Detail,
//第一种写法:props值为对象,该对象中所有的key-value的组合最终都会通过props传给Detail组件
// props:{a:900}
//第二种写法:props值为布尔值,布尔值为true,则把路由收到的所有params参数通过props传给Detail组件
// props:true
//第三种写法:props值为函数,该函数返回的对象中每一组key-value都会通过props传给Detail组件
props(route){
return {
id:route.query.id,
title:route.query.title
}
}
}
1.9. 路由跳转的replace方法
src/pages/Home.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
<div>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li>
<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
总结:
- 作用:控制路由跳转时操作浏览器历史记录的模式
- 浏览器的历史记录有两种写入方式:
push
和replace
,其中push
是追加历史记录,replace
是替换当前记录。路由跳转时候默认为push
方式 - 开启
replace
模式:<router-link replace ...>News</router-link>
1.10. 编程式路由导航
src/components/Banner.vue
:
<template>
<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<div class="page-header">
<h2>Vue Router Demo</h2>
<button @click="back">后退</button>
<button @click="forward">前进</button>
<button @click="test">测试一下go</button>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Banner',
methods:{
back(){
this.$router.back()
},
forward(){
this.$router.forward()
},
test(){
this.$router.go(3)
}
},
}
</script>
src/pages/Message.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<router-link :to="{
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
<button @click="showPush(m)">push查看</button>
<button @click="showReplace(m)">replace查看</button>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
},
methods:{
showPush(m){
this.$router.push({
name:'xiangqing',
query:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
})
},
showReplace(m){
this.$router.replace({
name:'xiangqing',
query:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
})
}
}
}
</script>
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail',
component:Detail,
props($route){
return {
id:$route.query.id,
title:$route.query.title,
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Detail.vue
:
<template>
<ul>
<li>消息编号:{{id}}</li>
<li>消息标题:{{title}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Detail',
props:['id','title']
}
</script>
效果:
总结:
-
作用:不借助
<router-link>
实现路由跳转,让路由跳转更加灵活 -
具体编码:
this.$router.push({
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:xxx,
title:xxx
}
})
this.$router.replace({
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:xxx,
title:xxx
}
})
this.$router.forward() //前进
this.$router.back() //后退
this.$router.go() //可前进也可后退
1.11. 缓存路由组件
src/pages/News.vue
:
<template>
<ul>
<li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
<li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
<li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News'
}
</script>
src/pages/Home.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
<div>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li>
<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<keep-alive include="News">
<router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
效果:
总结:
-
作用:让不展示的路由组件保持挂载,不被销毁
-
具体编码:
//缓存一个路由组件
<keep-alive include="News"> //include中写想要缓存的组件名,不写表示全部缓存
<router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>
//缓存多个路由组件
<keep-alive :include="['News','Message']">
<router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>
1.12. activated和deactivated
src/pages/News.vue
:
<template>
<ul>
<li :style="{opacity}">欢迎学习vue</li>
<li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
<li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
<li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
opacity:1
}
},
activated(){
console.log('News组件被激活了')
this.timer = setInterval(() => {
this.opacity -= 0.01
if(this.opacity <= 0) this.opacity = 1
},16)
},
deactivated(){
console.log('News组件失活了')
clearInterval(this.timer)
}
}
</script>
效果:
总结:
activated
和deactivated
是路由组件所独有的两个钩子,用于捕获路由组件的激活状态- 具体使用:
activated
路由组件被激活时触发deactivated
路由组件失活时触发
1.13. 路由守卫
1.13.1. 全局路由守卫
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
//创建一个路由器
const router = new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
name:'guanyv',
path:'/about',
component:About,
meta:{title:'关于'}
},
{
name:'zhuye',
path:'/home',
component:Home,
meta:{title:'主页'},
children:[
{
name:'xinwen',
path:'news',
component:News,
meta:{isAuth:true,title:'新闻'}
},
{
name:'xiaoxi',
path:'message',
component:Message,
meta:{isAuth:true,title:'消息'},
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail',
component:Detail,
meta:{isAuth:true,title:'详情'},
props($route){
return {
id:$route.query.id,
title:$route.query.title,
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
//全局前置路由守卫————初始化的时候、每次路由切换之前被调用
router.beforeEach((to,from,next) => {
console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
if(to.meta.isAuth){
if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('学校名不对,无权限查看!')
}
}else{
next()
}
})
//全局后置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之后被调用
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})
//导出路由器
export default router
1.13.2. 独享路由守卫
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
//创建一个路由器
const router = new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
name:'guanyv',
path:'/about',
component:About,
meta:{title:'关于'}
},
{
name:'zhuye',
path:'/home',
component:Home,
meta:{title:'主页'},
children:[
{
name:'xinwen',
path:'news',
component:News,
meta:{title:'新闻'},
//独享守卫,特定路由切换之后被调用
beforeEnter(to,from,next){
console.log('独享路由守卫',to,from)
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
}
}
},
{
name:'xiaoxi',
path:'message',
component:Message,
meta:{title:'消息'},
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail',
component:Detail,
meta:{title:'详情'},
props($route){
return {
id:$route.query.id,
title:$route.query.title,
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
//全局后置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之后被调用
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})
//导出路由器
export default router
1.13.3. 组件内路由守卫
src/pages/About.vue
:
<template>
<h2>我是About组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'About',
//通过路由规则,离开该组件时被调用
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
console.log('About--beforeRouteEnter',to,from)
if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('学校名不对,无权限查看!')
}
},
//通过路由规则,离开该组件时被调用
beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {
console.log('About--beforeRouteLeave',to,from)
next()
}
}
</script>
总结:
-
作用:对路由进行权限控制
-
分类:全局守卫、独享守卫、组件内守卫
-
全局守卫:
//全局前置守卫:初始化时执行、每次路由切换前执行
router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
console.log('beforeEach',to,from)
if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断当前路由是否需要进行权限控制
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){ //权限控制的具体规则
next() //放行
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
}
}else{
next() //放行
}
})
//全局后置守卫:初始化时执行、每次路由切换后执行
router.afterEach((to,from) => {
console.log('afterEach',to,from)
if(to.meta.title){
document.title = to.meta.title //修改网页的title
}else{
document.title = 'vue_test'
}
})
- 独享守卫:
beforeEnter(to,from,next){
console.log('beforeEnter',to,from)
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
}
}
- 组件内守卫:
//进入守卫:通过路由规则,进入该组件时被调用
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {...},
//离开守卫:通过路由规则,离开该组件时被调用
beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {...},
1.14. 路由器的两种工作模式
-
对于一个url来说,什么是hash值?—— #及其后面的内容就是hash值
-
hash值不会包含在 HTTP 请求中,即:hash值不会带给服务器
-
hash模式:
- 地址中永远带着#号,不美观
- 若以后将地址通过第三方手机app分享,若app校验严格,则地址会被标记为不合法
- 兼容性较好
-
history模式:
- 地址干净,美观
- 兼容性和hash模式相比略差
- 应用部署上线时需要后端人员支持,解决刷新页面服务端404的问题