springmvc环境搭建

1.引入相关坐标

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

spring-webmvc里面集成了spring-web

注意：servlet和jsp的scope标签要为provide

2.配置spring-mvc核心控制器 DispatcherServlet（web.xml文件中配置）

<!--    配置SpringMVC的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>

        <!--    服务器加载创建对象，不配，默认是第一次访问时创建对象-->

        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

当值为0或者大于0时，代表容器启动时加载该servlet。正数的值越小，启动时加载该servlet的优先级越高。如果为负数，则容器启动时不会加载该servlet，只有该servlet被选择时才会加载。

在配置spring核心控制器时,初始化参数为spring-mvc的配置文件

3.配置监听器加载DispatcherServlet (在配置核心控制器时)

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>