菜鸟学编程第七式——C++编程环境搭建及实例图解

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-05 02:50:32 发布

skysandy

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-05 02:50:32 发布

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分类专栏：编程技术文章标签：编程 c++ database sql server microsoft statistics

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1 环境搭建

1.1 软件准备

软件名称	版本	下载地址	备注
Microsoft Visual Studio 2008	2008		编程软件
Microsoft SQL Server 2005	2005		数据库

1.2 软件安装配置

1.2.1安装Microsoft Visual Studio

1、见附件

1.2.2安装Microsoft SQL Server

1、见附件

1.2.3说明

以上软件是必备的。

2 实例操作

2.1 建立数据库

2.1.1准备

1、启动SQL Server服务，首先保证SQL Server服务已经启动；

2.1.2建库及表

建立一个名为" CppExample"的数据库和名为DUser的表。

建库脚本如下：

USE [master] GO /****** 对象: Database [CppExample] 脚本日期: 03/15/2010 21:54:07 ******/ CREATE DATABASE [CppExample] ON PRIMARY ( NAME = N'CppExample', FILENAME = N'D:/Program/SqlDB/CppExample.mdf' , SIZE = 3072KB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 1024KB ) LOG ON ( NAME = N'CppExample_log', FILENAME = N'D:/Program/SqlDB/CppExample_log.ldf' , SIZE = 1024KB , MAXSIZE = 2048GB , FILEGROWTH = 10%) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS GO EXEC dbo.sp_dbcmptlevel @dbname=N'CppExample', @new_cmptlevel=90 GO IF (1 = FULLTEXTSERVICEPROPERTY('IsFullTextInstalled')) begin EXEC [CppExample].[dbo].[sp_fulltext_database] @action = 'enable' end GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET ANSI_NULLS OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET ANSI_PADDING OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET ANSI_WARNINGS OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET ARITHABORT OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET AUTO_CLOSE OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET AUTO_CREATE_STATISTICS ON GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET AUTO_SHRINK OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS ON GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET CURSOR_DEFAULT GLOBAL GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET ENABLE_BROKER GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS_ASYNC OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET DATE_CORRELATION_OPTIMIZATION OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET TRUSTWORTHY OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION OFF GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET PARAMETERIZATION SIMPLE GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET READ_WRITE GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET RECOVERY SIMPLE GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET MULTI_USER GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET PAGE_VERIFY CHECKSUM GO ALTER DATABASE [CppExample] SET DB_CHAINING OFF

建表脚本如下：

USE [CppExample] GO /****** 对象: Table [dbo].[DUser] 脚本日期: 03/15/2010 21:53:54 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO SET ANSI_PADDING ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DUser]( [UserId] [int] NOT NULL, [UserName] [varchar](20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL, [UserPsd] [varchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, [UserDetail] [varchar](200) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF

新增一条记录：

INSERT INTO [CppExample].[dbo].[DUser] ([UserId] ,[UserName] ,[UserPsd] ,[UserDetail]) VALUES (1 ,'Robin' ,'111' ,'I am Robin')

注意：以上建库及表可以直接通过SQL Server Management Studio用户界面来操作。

1.1 CPP编程实例

2.2.1设计

1、我们的目标是建立几个简单的窗体来显示、添加、修改、删除用户，并在进入系统之前要求用户登录；

2、建立以下几个窗体：

新建一个单文档CPP程序，其中主视图CppExampleView显示数据库中的所有用户

对话框IDD_ADD添加用户

对话框IDD_EDIT修改用户信息

对话框IDD_LOGIN让用户登录本系统

2.2.2编程

1、显示用户

CppExampleView.h内容如下：

// CppExampleView.h : CCppExampleView 类的接口 #pragma once #include "CppExampleDoc.h" class CCppExampleView : public CView { protected: // 仅从序列化创建 CCppExampleView(); DECLARE_DYNCREATE(CCppExampleView) // 属性 public: CCppExampleDoc* GetDocument() const; // 操作 public: // 重写 public: virtual void OnDraw(CDC* pDC); // 重写以绘制该视图 virtual BOOL PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs); virtual void OnInitialUpdate(); // 实现 public: virtual ~CCppExampleView(); CString currentList; void RefreshUserList(); #ifdef _DEBUG virtual void AssertValid() const; virtual void Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const; #endif protected: // 生成的消息映射函数 protected: afx_msg void OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy); afx_msg void OnItemShow(); afx_msg void OnItemAdd(); afx_msg void OnItemEdit(); afx_msg void OnItemDel(); DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() private: void CreateUser(); CListCtrl m_ListCtrl; CStatic m_StaticCtrl; }; #ifndef _DEBUG // CppExampleView.cpp 中的调试版本 inline CCppExampleDoc* CCppExampleView::GetDocument() const { return reinterpret_cast<CCppExampleDoc*>(m_pDocument); } #endif

CppExampleView.cpp内容如下：

// CppExampleView.cpp : CCppExampleView 类的实现 #include "stdafx.h" #include "CppExample.h" #include "CppExampleDoc.h" #include "CppExampleView.h" #include "UserDAO.h" #include "UserAddDlg.h" #include "UserEditDlg.h" #ifdef _DEBUG #define new DEBUG_NEW #endif // CCppExampleView IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CCppExampleView, CView) BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CCppExampleView, CView) ON_WM_SIZE() ON_COMMAND(ID_ITEM_SHOW, &CCppExampleView::OnItemShow) ON_COMMAND(ID_ITEM_Add, &CCppExampleView::OnItemAdd) ON_COMMAND(ID_ITEM_EDIT, &CCppExampleView::OnItemEdit) ON_COMMAND(ID_ITEM_DEL, &CCppExampleView::OnItemDel) END_MESSAGE_MAP() // CCppExampleView 构造/析构 CCppExampleView::CCppExampleView() { currentList = ""; } CCppExampleView::~CCppExampleView() { } BOOL CCppExampleView::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs) { // TODO: 在此处通过修改 // CREATESTRUCT cs 来修改窗口类或样式 return CView::PreCreateWindow(cs); } // CCppExampleView 绘制 void CCppExampleView::OnDraw(CDC* /*pDC*/) { CCppExampleDoc* pDoc = GetDocument(); ASSERT_VALID(pDoc); if (!pDoc) return; // TODO: 在此处为本机数据添加绘制代码 } // CCppExampleView 诊断 #ifdef _DEBUG void CCppExampleView::AssertValid() const { CView::AssertValid(); } void CCppExampleView::Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const { CView::Dump(dc); } CCppExampleDoc* CCppExampleView::GetDocument() const // 非调试版本是内联的 { ASSERT(m_pDocument->IsKindOf(RUNTIME_CLASS(CCppExampleDoc))); return (CCppExampleDoc*)m_pDocument; } #endif //_DEBUG void CCppExampleView::OnInitialUpdate() { CView::OnInitialUpdate(); // Create a Static ctrl for tip CRect rect; rect.left = rect.top =5; rect.bottom = 30; rect.right = 120; m_StaticCtrl.Create(currentList, WS_VISIBLE, rect, this, 1); } void CCppExampleView::OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy) { CView::OnSize(nType, cx, cy); if (m_ListCtrl) { CRect rect; GetClientRect(rect); rect.top += 30; m_ListCtrl.MoveWindow(rect); } } void CCppExampleView::CreateUser() { //Update m_sCurrentList and Static Ctrl currentList = _T("用户列表"); m_StaticCtrl.SetWindowText(currentList); // Get Client Rect CRect rect; GetClientRect(rect); rect.top += 30; // Create m_ListCtrl.Create(WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER|LVS_REPORT, rect, this, 1); // Set Color m_ListCtrl.SetBkColor(RGB(177, 151, 240)); m_ListCtrl.SetTextColor(RGB(0,0,0)); m_ListCtrl.SetTextBkColor(RGB(177, 151, 240)); // Set EX-Style m_ListCtrl.SetExtendedStyle(LVS_EX_FULLROWSELECT|LVS_EX_GRIDLINES|LVS_EX_HEADERDRAGDROP); // Create Header m_ListCtrl.InsertColumn(0,_T("UserId"), LVCFMT_LEFT, 100); m_ListCtrl.InsertColumn(1,_T("UserName"), LVCFMT_LEFT, 100); m_ListCtrl.InsertColumn(2,_T("UserPsd"), LVCFMT_LEFT, 100); m_ListCtrl.InsertColumn(3,_T("UserDetail"), LVCFMT_LEFT, 100); // Get all records _variant_t Holder; CUserDAO userDAO; _RecordsetPtr userSet = userDAO.GetUserSet(); int iCount = 0; //userDAO.GetUserSet()->GetRecordCount(); -1 while(!(userSet->adoEOF)) { iCount++; userSet->MoveNext(); } if ( 0==iCount ) return; CString str; userSet->MoveFirst(); for(int i=0; i<iCount; i++) { Holder = userSet->GetCollect("UserId"); str.Format("%d", Holder.vt==VT_NULL?0:Holder.intVal); m_ListCtrl.InsertItem(i, str); Holder = userSet->GetCollect("UserName"); str = Holder.vt==VT_NULL?"":(char*)(_bstr_t)Holder; m_ListCtrl.SetItemText(i, 1, str); Holder = userSet->GetCollect("UserPsd"); str = Holder.vt==VT_NULL?"":(char*)(_bstr_t)Holder; m_ListCtrl.SetItemText(i, 2, str); Holder = userSet->GetCollect("UserDetail"); str = Holder.vt==VT_NULL?"":(char*)(_bstr_t)Holder; m_ListCtrl.SetItemText(i, 3, str); userSet->MoveNext(); } } void CCppExampleView::RefreshUserList() { if (m_ListCtrl) m_ListCtrl.DestroyWindow(); CreateUser(); } void CCppExampleView::OnItemShow() { RefreshUserList(); } void CCppExampleView::OnItemAdd() { CUserAddDlg addDlg; addDlg.DoModal(); } void CCppExampleView::OnItemEdit() { if ( m_ListCtrl && currentList!="用户列表" ) { m_ListCtrl.DestroyWindow(); CreateUser(); return; } if ( !m_ListCtrl ) { CreateUser(); return; } //Popup Alter Dialog POSITION pos = m_ListCtrl.GetFirstSelectedItemPosition(); if (pos == NULL) AfxMessageBox(_T("没有选中的记录！"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); else { CUserEditDlg dlg; CString str; int iItem = m_ListCtrl.GetNextSelectedItem(pos); dlg.vUserId = m_ListCtrl.GetItemText(iItem, 0); dlg.vUserName = m_ListCtrl.GetItemText(iItem, 1); dlg.vUserPsd = m_ListCtrl.GetItemText(iItem, 2); dlg.vUserDetail = m_ListCtrl.GetItemText(iItem, 3); dlg.DoModal(); } } void CCppExampleView::OnItemDel() { if ( m_ListCtrl && currentList!="用户列表" ) { m_ListCtrl.DestroyWindow(); CreateUser(); return; } if ( !m_ListCtrl ) { CreateUser(); return; } //Popup Alter Dialog POSITION pos = m_ListCtrl.GetFirstSelectedItemPosition(); if (pos == NULL) AfxMessageBox(_T("没有选中的记录！"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); else { CUserDAO userDAO; int userId; try { int iItem = m_ListCtrl.GetNextSelectedItem(pos); userId = atoi(m_ListCtrl.GetItemText(iItem, 0)); userDAO.DelUser(userId); AfxMessageBox("删除用户成功", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); } catch(_com_error &e) { CString err; err.Format("ADO Error: %s",(char*)e.Description()); AfxMessageBox("添加用户出错"+err, MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return ; } } RefreshUserList(); }

运行之后，界面如下所示：

2、添加用户

UserAddDlg.h内容如下：

#pragma once // CUserAddDlg 对话框 class CUserAddDlg : public CDialog { //DECLARE_DYNAMIC(CUserAddDlg) public: CUserAddDlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // 标准构造函数 //virtual ~CUserAddDlg(); // 对话框数据 enum { IDD = IDD_ADD }; protected: virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV 支持 DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() public: CString vUserId; CString vUserName; CString vUserPsd; CString vUserDetail; public: afx_msg void OnBnClickedAdd(); afx_msg void OnBnClickedCancel(); };

UserAddDlg.cpp内容如下：

// UserAddDlg.cpp : 实现文件 // #include "stdafx.h" #include "CppExample.h" #include "UserAddDlg.h" #include "UserDAO.h" #include "CppExampleView.h" #include "MainFrm.h" // CUserAddDlg 对话框 //IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC(CUserAddDlg, CDialog) CUserAddDlg::CUserAddDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/) : CDialog(CUserAddDlg::IDD, pParent) , vUserId(_T("")) , vUserName(_T("")) , vUserPsd(_T("")) , vUserDetail(_T("")) { } //CUserAddDlg::~CUserAddDlg() //{ //} void CUserAddDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX) { CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_ID, vUserId); DDV_MaxChars(pDX, vUserId, 4); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_NAME, vUserName); DDV_MaxChars(pDX, vUserName, 20); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_PSD, vUserPsd); DDV_MaxChars(pDX, vUserPsd, 50); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_DETAIL, vUserDetail); DDV_MaxChars(pDX, vUserDetail, 200); } BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CUserAddDlg, CDialog) ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_ADD, &CUserAddDlg::OnBnClickedAdd) ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_CANCEL, &CUserAddDlg::OnBnClickedCancel) END_MESSAGE_MAP() // CUserAddDlg 消息处理程序 void CUserAddDlg::OnBnClickedAdd() { UpdateData(true); vUserId.TrimRight(" "); int userId = atoi(vUserId); vUserName.TrimRight(" "); vUserPsd.TrimRight(" "); vUserDetail.TrimRight(" "); if (vUserId=="" || vUserName=="" ) { AfxMessageBox(_T("用户ID、用户名不能为空"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return; } CUserDAO userDAO; try { userDAO.AddUser(userId,vUserName,vUserPsd,vUserDetail); AfxMessageBox("添加用户成功", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); } catch(_com_error &e) { CString err; err.Format("ADO Error: %s",(char*)e.Description()); AfxMessageBox("添加用户出错"+err, MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return ; } CCppExampleView* p = (CCppExampleView*)(((CMainFrame*)AfxGetMainWnd())->GetActiveView()); p->RefreshUserList(); CDialog::OnOK(); } void CUserAddDlg::OnBnClickedCancel() { OnCancel(); }

运行之后，界面如下所示：

3、修改用户

UserEditDlg.h内容如下：

#pragma once // CUserEditDlg 对话框 class CUserEditDlg : public CDialog { //DECLARE_DYNAMIC(CUserEditDlg) public: CUserEditDlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // 标准构造函数 //virtual ~CUserEditDlg(); // 对话框数据 enum { IDD = IDD_EDIT }; protected: virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV 支持 virtual BOOL OnInitDialog(); virtual void OnOK(); DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() public: CString vUserId; CString vUserName; CString vUserPsd; CString vUserDetail; };

UserEditDlg.cpp内容如下：

// UserEditDlg.cpp : 实现文件 // #include "stdafx.h" #include "CppExample.h" #include "UserEditDlg.h" #include "UserDAO.h" #include "CppExampleView.h" #include "MainFrm.h" // CUserEditDlg 对话框 //IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC(CUserEditDlg, CDialog) CUserEditDlg::CUserEditDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/) : CDialog(CUserEditDlg::IDD, pParent) , vUserId(_T("")) , vUserName(_T("")) , vUserPsd(_T("")) , vUserDetail(_T("")) { } //CUserEditDlg::~CUserEditDlg() //{ //} void CUserEditDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX) { CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_ID, vUserId); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_NAME, vUserName); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_PSD, vUserPsd); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_DETAIL, vUserDetail); } BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CUserEditDlg, CDialog) END_MESSAGE_MAP() BOOL CUserEditDlg::OnInitDialog() { CDialog::OnInitDialog(); ((CEdit*)GetDlgItem(IDC_ID))->SetLimitText(10); ((CEdit*)GetDlgItem(IDC_NAME))->SetLimitText(20); ((CEdit*)GetDlgItem(IDC_PSD))->SetLimitText(50); ((CEdit*)GetDlgItem(IDC_DETAIL))->SetLimitText(100); SetWindowText(_T("修改用户信息")); GetDlgItem(IDC_ID)->EnableWindow(false); return TRUE; } void CUserEditDlg::OnOK() { UpdateData(true); vUserId.TrimRight(" "); int userId = atoi(vUserId); vUserName.TrimRight(" "); vUserPsd.TrimRight(" "); vUserDetail.TrimRight(" "); if (vUserId=="" || vUserName=="" ) { AfxMessageBox(_T("用户ID、用户名不能为空"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return; } CUserDAO userDAO; try { userDAO.EditUser(userId,vUserName,vUserPsd,vUserDetail); AfxMessageBox("修改用户成功", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); } catch(_com_error &e) { CString err; err.Format("ADO Error: %s",(char*)e.Description()); AfxMessageBox("添加用户出错"+err, MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return ; } CCppExampleView* p = (CCppExampleView*)(((CMainFrame*)AfxGetMainWnd())->GetActiveView()); p->RefreshUserList(); CDialog::OnOK(); }

运行之后，界面如下所示：