Servlet介绍(6)-----HttpServletRequest、HttpSession

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-09 11:05:53 发布

sllizhimei

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-09 11:05:53 发布

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分类专栏： Servlet 文章标签： Servlet 浏览器 HTML JSP Web

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sllizhimei/article/details/83370083

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Servlet中的几个对象：

HttpServletRequest、HttpSession、ServletContext，这三个对象都有

void setAttribute(String name, Object o)和void removeAttribute(String name)

这两个方法，通过这两个方法我们可以很方便的进行参数的传递。

三个对象的作用域的大小分别由小到大。当我们把一个对象通过void setAttribute(String name, Object o)添加到这三个对象中的时候，除非我们显示的调用void removeAttribute(String name)或者当这三个对象自己销毁否则不会释放这些对象占用的空间，所以我们在将一个对象通过setAttribute添加到这三个对象时，需要注意用完了就remove掉(当然用完以后这个添加到的对象本身就快销毁时，我们也没必要多此一举)。而且尽量当对象存放在HttpServletRequest，然后才是HttpSession最后才是ServletContext。尽量不要把大对象存放在这些对象中，因为一个进程占用的资源毕竟是有限的。

Servlet中路径跳转的问题：

让我们先通过一个例子来看一下HttpServletRequest的获取路径的一些方法的返回值。

ServletPath:

package squall.servlet.path;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ServletPath extends HttpServlet

...{

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

showParam(req,resp);

}

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

showParam(req,resp);

}

private void showParam(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException

...{

resp.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

String docType = "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> ";

out.println(docType + "<HTML> " + "<HEAD><TITLE> pathshow"

+ "</TITLE></HEAD> " + "<BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6"> "

+"getContextPath(): " + req.getContextPath() + " </br>"

+"getPathInfo(): " + req.getPathInfo() + " </br>"

+"getRequestURI(): " + req.getRequestURI()+ " </br>"

+"getRequestURL(): " + req.getRequestURL()+ " </br>"

+"getServletPath(): " + req.getServletPath()+ " </br>"

+"getQueryString(): " + req.getQueryString()+ " </br>"

);

out.println("</body></html>");

}

}

将此Servlet部署后，mapping至<url-pattern>/ServletPath/*</url-pattern>

在浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1:8080/train/ServletPath/a/b/c?name=1&passord=2

可以看到如下输出：

getContextPath(): /train
getPathInfo(): /a/b/c
getRequestURI(): /train/ServletPath/a/b/c
getRequestURL(): http://127.0.0.1:8080/train/ServletPath/a/b/c
getServletPath(): /ServletPath
getQueryString(): name=1&passord=2

我们可以很清楚的看到各个方法的返回值的情况。

一个html,Servlet,jsp访问另外一个Servlet时候可以通过相对路径(相对于当前的路径)，相对于同一Web应用下的路径(比如我们的/train，通过request.getContextPath()获得)和绝对路径(直接http://...)。

我们一般在Servlet中访问另外一个Servlet或者jsp可以通过Servlet输出中的HTML元素FORM的属性值ACTION来实现。但是我们有时候可以采用一些更加方便的方法。

下面简单的介绍3个方法：

RequestDispatcher的

void forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)和

void include(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)方法。

和

HttpResponse的void sendRedirect(String location)方法。

我们先来介绍HttpResponse的void sendRedirect(String location)方法。

这个方法将请求一个url为location的页面, location可以是一个相对路径、相对于当前WEB应用的路径或者直接Http开头的路径，下面让我们看一个例子吧。

BeforeSendRedirect：

package squall.servlet.path;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class BeforeSendRedirect extends HttpServlet

...{

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

resp.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

String docType = "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> ";

req.setAttribute("canyousee", "this");

out.println(docType + "<HTML> " + "<HEAD><TITLE> BeforeSendRedirect"

+ "</TITLE></HEAD> " + "<BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6"> "

+" <h1>BeforeSendRedirect</h1> </br>"

);

out.println("</body></html>");

resp.sendRedirect("AfterSendRedirect");

System.err.println("canyousee " + req.getAttribute("canyousee") + " in BeforeSendRedirect");

System.err.println("end in BeforeSendRedirect");

}

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

doGet(req,resp);

}

}

AfterSendRedirect：

package squall.servlet.path;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class AfterSendRedirect extends HttpServlet

...{

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

System.err.println("begin AfterSendRedirect!");

resp.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

String docType = "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> ";

out.println(docType + "<HTML> " + "<HEAD><TITLE> AfterSendRedirect"

+ "</TITLE></HEAD> " + "<BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6"> "

+ " <h1>AfterSendRedirect</h1> </br>");

out.println("</body></html>");

System.err.println("canyousee " + req.getAttribute("canyousee") + " in AfterSendRedirect");

}

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

doGet(req, resp);

}

}

将BeforeSendRedirect mapping至<url-pattern>/BeforeSendRedirect</url-pattern>

将BeforeSendRedirect mapping至<url-pattern>/AfterSendRedirect</url-pattern>

然后我们访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/train/BeforeSendRedirect ，可以看到页面跳转到http://127.0.0.1:8080/train/AfterSendRedirect，并且页面上显示的内容也是

AfterSendRedirect并且tomcat控制台输出为：

canyousee this in BeforeSendRedirect

end in BeforeSendRedirect

begin AfterSendRedirect

canyousee null in AfterSendRedirect

可以看出使用HttpResponse的void sendRedirect(String location)方法

1、 html页面会显示location所输出的页面

2、浏览器上的url也为location的绝对路径

3、原servlet调用void sendRedirect(String location)方法后，剩下的代码也会执行

4、原servlet和跳转至的servlet的HttpServletRequest对象不是同一个对象。

下面该是

RequestDispatcher的

void forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)和

void include(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)方法的介绍。

在这之前，我们先来看下javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher对象的获得方法。

获得这个对象的方法，存在于3个类或者接口中分别是ServletContext、ServletRequest和ServletRequestWrapper。这里我们只看ServletContext和ServletRequest。

在ServletContext和ServletRequest中获取RequestDispatcher都是通过方法RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)，但是需要注意这个方法在用不同的类调用的时候存在一些差异，使用ServletContext接口的对象调用时，String path的参数必须以”/”开头，也就是说从这个web项目的根开始。而使用ServletRequest接口的对象调用这个方法时，path可以不以”/”开头，简单的说就是可以使用相对于当前请求的相对路径。

下面我们先来看RequestDispatcher的void forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)方法，按照惯例，我们还是用例子来说明问题。

BeforeForward：

package squall.servlet.path;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class BeforeForward extends HttpServlet

...{

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

resp.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

String docType = "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> ";

req.setAttribute("canyousee", "this");

out.println(docType + "<HTML> " + "<HEAD><TITLE> BeforeForward"

+ "</TITLE></HEAD> " + "<BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6"> "

+ " <h1>BeforeForward</h1> </br>");

out.println("</body></html>");

RequestDispatcher rd = this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/AfterForward");

System.err.println("canyousee " + req.getAttribute("canyousee")

+ " in BeforeForward");

rd.forward(req, resp);

System.err.println("end in BeforeForward");

}

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

doGet(req, resp);

}

}

AfterForward：

package squall.servlet.path;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class AfterForward extends HttpServlet

...{

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

System.err.println("begin AfterForward!");

resp.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

String docType = "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> ";

out.println(docType + "<HTML> " + "<HEAD><TITLE> AfterForward"

+ "</TITLE></HEAD> " + "<BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6"> "

+ " <h1>AfterForward</h1> </br>");

out.println("</body></html>");

System.err.println("canyousee " + req.getAttribute("canyousee")

+ " in AfterForward");

}

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

doGet(req, resp);

}

}

BeforeForward和AfterForward分别mapping至<url-pattern>/BeforeForward</url-pattern>和<url-pattern>/AfterForward</url-pattern>

可以看到控制台输出如下：

canyousee this in BeforeForward

begin AfterForward!

canyousee this in AfterForward

end in BeforeForward

浏览器上显示的为：

AfterForward浏览器上url为http://127.0.0.1:8080/train/BeforeForward

从结果我们可以看到

1、 forward会显示forward后的页面的内容

2、 forward调用后浏览器的url不会变化

3、 forward后的页面和原页面的request为同一对象

下面是RequestDispatcher的void include(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)例子了，这个例子里，我们使用request来获取RequestDispatcher对象，所以可以使用相对路径。

BeforeInclude：

package squall.servlet.path;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class BeforeInclude extends HttpServlet

...{

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

resp.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

String docType = "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> ";

req.setAttribute("canyousee", "this");

out.println(docType + "<HTML> " + "<HEAD><TITLE> BeforeInclude"

+ "</TITLE></HEAD> " + "<BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6"> "

+ " <h1>BeforeInclude</h1> </br>");

RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher(

"InInclude");

System.err.println("canyousee " + req.getAttribute("canyousee")

+ " in BeforeInclude");

rd.include(req, resp);

out.println(" <h1>AfterInclude</h1> </br>");

out.println("</body></html>");

System.err.println("end in BeforeInclude");

}

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

doGet(req, resp);

}

}

InInclude：

package squall.servlet.path;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class InInclude extends HttpServlet

...{

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

System.err.println("In InInclude!");

PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

out.println( " <h1>In InClude</h1> </br>");

System.err.println("canyousee " + req.getAttribute("canyousee")

+ " in InInclude");

}

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException

...{

doGet(req, resp);

}

}

BeforeInclude和InInclude分别mapping至<url-pattern>/path/BeforeInclude</url-pattern>和<url-pattern>/path/InInclude</url-pattern>

访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/train/path/BeforeInclude

可以看到浏览器显示为：

BeforeInclude

In InClude

AfterInclude

而控制台输出为：

canyousee this in BeforeInclude

In InInclude!

canyousee this in InInclude

end in BeforeInclude

需要注意的是上面的例子中的InInclude无法输出一个完整的html页面。

从结果可以看出：

1、 include会显示原页面中include的地方显示include的Servlet输出的内容

2、 forward调用后浏览器的url不会变化

3、 forward后的页面和原页面的request为同一对象

还是要强调一下InInclude无法输出一个完整的html页面，它只是输出一部分东西而已。

讲到这里基本上servlet中请求的转发和跳转已经讲完了。

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Servlet介绍(6)-----HttpServletRequest、HttpSession

Servlet中的几个对象：HttpServletRequest、HttpSession、ServletContext，这三个对象都有void setAttribute(String name, Object o)和void removeAttribute(String name)这两个方法，通过这两个方法我们可以很方便的进行参数的传递。三个对象的作用域的大小分别...
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