转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/letmefly/archive/2012/07/20/2601338.html
1.在 @interface :NSObject{} 的括号中,当然NSObject 是指一个父类,可以是其他的。
形式如下:
1 @interface GCTurnBasedMatchHelper : NSObject { 2 BOOL gameCenterAvailable; 3 BOOL userAuthenticated; 4 }
2.另外一种是直接在 @interface : NSObject{}括号之后,用 @property 去定义一个变量。
1 @property (assign, readonly) BOOL gameCenterAvailable;
你会发现,有人会再@interface中定义了变量后,又在 @property中重复定义相同的变量,而且很常见。
结果可能是这样:
1 @interface GCTurnBasedMatchHelper : NSObject { 2 BOOL gameCenterAvailable; 3 BOOL userAuthenticated; 4 } 5 6 @property (assign, readonly) BOOL gameCenterAvailable;
而且你可以单独在@interface中定义变量,而不用@property定义;也可以只用@property去定义,而不在@interface中定义,当然用了@property去定义,一般要在.m文件中用@synthsize去合成相应的setter,getter方法。否则会得到一个警告。当然@synthsize是可选的,但是是Apple推荐的,不用会有什么后果,我没试过,有兴趣的童鞋可以试一下。
那这两种方式有什么区别呢。
1. 只在@interface中定义变量的话,你所定义的变量只能在当前的类中访问,在其他类中是访问不了的;而用@property声明的变量可以在外部访问。
2.用了@property去声明的变量,可以使用“self.变量名”的方式去读写变量。而用@interface的方式就不可以。
3. 这里给出一个链接:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9702258/difference-between-properties-and-variables-in-ios-header-file 里面讲到: 我英语菜,简单翻一下:
Defining the variables in the brackets simply declares them instance variables.
在括号中定义一个变量只是简单的声明了一个实例变量(实例变量应该指的成员变量)。 博主注:老外对variable 和instance variable是有不同理解的。所以下文中 用了一个模糊的词 ivar。
Declaring (and synthesizing) a property generates getters and setters for the instance variable, according to the criteria within the parenthesis. This is particularly important in Objective-C because it is often by way of getters and setters that memory is managed (e.g., when a value is assigned to an ivar, it is by way of the setter that the object assigned is retained and ultimately released). Beyond a memory management strategy, the practice also promotes encapsulation and reduces the amount of trivial code that would otherwise be required.
声明(和 @synthsize)一个属性会为成员变量生成 getter 和setter方法,根据括号内的标准,在oc中经常用setter和getter 做内存管理,这是很重要的。(例如: 当一个值被赋给这个变量,对象是通过setter函数去分配,修改计数器,并最后释放的)。更高一个层次来说,这种做法也促进了封装,减少了一些不必要的代码。
It is very common to declare an ivar in brackets and then an associated property (as in your example), but that isn't strictly necessary. Defining the property and synthesizing is all that's required, because synthesizing the property implicitly also creates an ivar.
在@interface括号中定义一个变量并用@property 重复定义一次是很普遍的,实际上不是必要的。用@property和@synthszie就够了,因为在用@synthsize合成这个属性的读写方法时就会创建一个变量。
The approach currently suggested by Apple (in templates) is:
目前苹果(在模板中)建议的方法是这样的:
-Define property in header file, e.g.:
先在头文件中定义一个属性
1 @property int gameCenter;
Then synthesize & declare ivar in implementation:
然后在实现文件中 synthsize和declare成这样:
1 @synthesize gameCenter = __ gameCenter;
The last line synthesizes the gameCenter property and asserts that whatever value is assigned to the property will be stored in the __gameCenter ivar. Again, this isn't necessary, but by defining the ivar next to the synthesizer, you are reducing the locations where you have to type the name of the ivar while still explicitly naming it.
最后一行synthsize gameCenter 属性并说明了不管什么值被分配给这个属性,都会存储到_gameCenter这个变量中。 再次说明,这不是必要的,但是,这样写了之后,你能减少输入已经明确命名的变量名。
最后一句的意思you are reducing the locations where you have to type the name of the ivar while still explicitly naming it .不好翻。
据千锋的第2节语法课课程的讲解,这样写之后可以使得 @synthsize 时内部getter方法会展成
1 -(int)gameCenter 2 { 3 return _gameCenter; 4 }
而直接写 @synthsize gameCenter;
setter函数会在内部展开成
1 -(int)gameCenter 2 { 3 return gameCenter; 4 }