Codeforces Round 951 (Div. 2) D. Fixing a Binary String 题解

Codeforces Round 951 (Div. 2) D. Fixing a Binary String 题解

题意

You are given a binary string $s$ of length $n$, consisting of zeros and ones. You can perform the following operation exactly once:

1. Choose an integer $p$ ($1\le p\le n$).
2. Reverse the substring $s_1{s}_2\dots s_p$. After this step, the string $s_1{s}_2\dots s_n$ will become $s_p{s}_{p-1}\dots s_1{s}_{p+1}{s}_{p+2}\dots s_n$.
3. Then, perform a cyclic shift of the string $s$ to the left $p$ times. After this step, the initial string $s_1{s}_2\dots s_n$ will become $s_{p+1}{s}_{p+2}\dots s_n{s}_p{s}_{p-1}\dots s_1$.

For example, if you apply the operation to the string 110001100110 with $p=3$, after the second step, the string will become 011001100110, and after the third step, it will become 001100110011.

A string $s$ is called $k$-proper if two conditions are met:

• $s_1=s_2=\dots =s_k$;
• $s_{i+k}\ne s_i$ for any $i$ ($1\le i\le n-k$).

For example, with $k=3$, the strings 000, 111000111, and 111000 are $k$-proper, while the strings 000000, 001100, and 1110000 are not.

You are given an integer $k$, which is a divisor of $n$. Find an integer $p$ ($1\le p\le n$) such that after performing the operation, the string $s$ becomes $k$-proper, or determine that it is impossible. Note that if the string is initially $k$-proper, you still need to apply exactly one operation to it.

Input
Each test consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains one integer $t$ ($1\le t\le 10^4$) — the number of test cases. The description of the test cases follows.
The first line of each test case contains two integers $n$ and $k$ ($1\le k\le n$, $2\le n\le 10^5$) — the length of the string $s$ and the value of $k$. It is guaranteed that $k$ is a divisor of $n$.
The second line of each test case contains a binary string $s$ of length $n$, consisting of the characters 0 and 1.
It is guaranteed that the sum of $n$ over all test cases does not exceed $2\cdot 10^5$.

Output
For each test case, output a single integer — the value of $p$ to make the string $k$-proper, or $-1$ if it is impossible.
If there are multiple solutions, output any of them.

题目解析

• 我们先不管操作考虑一下什么形式的串是满足条件的。
  • $s[i]$ != $s[i+k]$
  • $s[i]=s[i+1]=...=s[i+k-1]$
• 要同时满足上述要求，答案的形式只有两种，要么从 $1$ 开始，要么从 $0$ 开始。
• 我们再思考一下操作一次后，串本质上的变化是什么。
• 我们发现本质上就是把串 $s$ 分为两段 $A$ 和 $B$，在用 $B$ 和 $A的逆序$ 拼起来。
• 答案只有两个，我们用 $B+A逆$ 是否等于 $ans$，你能想到什么？
• 字符串$hash$。

AC代码

注：我用的是 $Base=131,mod=805306457$ 的单模hash，如果想要更保险，可以考虑使用多模hash。

import sys

input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
out = sys.stdout.write
def S():
    return input()
def I():
    return int(input())
def MI():
    return map(int, input().split())
def MF():
    return map(float, input().split())
def MS():
    return input().split()
def LS():
    return list(input().split())
def LI():
    return list(map(int, input().split()))
def print1(x):
    return out(str(x) + "\n")
def print2(x, y):
    return out(str(x) + " " + str(y) + "\n")
def print3(x, y, z):
    return out(str(x) + " " + str(y) + " " + str(z) + "\n")
def Query(i, j):
    print3('?', i, j)
    sys.stdout.flush()
    qi = I()
    return qi
def print_arr(arr):
    out(' '.join(map(str, arr)))
    out(str("\n"))
# ----------------------------- # ----------------------------- #
base = 131
base1 = 13331
mod = 805306457
mod1 = 1610612741

def solve():
    def get_hs(h, l, r):
        return (h[r] - (h[l - 1] * pbase[r-l+1] % mod) + mod) % mod

    n, k = MI()
    s = S()
    pre = [0]*(n+1)
    pbase = [1]*(n+1)
    for i in range(1,n+1):
        pre[i] = (pre[i-1] * base + ord(s[i-1]) - ord('0')) % mod
        pbase[i] = pbase[i-1] * base % mod
    past = [0]*(n+1)
    for i in range(1,n+1):
        past[i] = (past[i-1] * base + ord(s[n - i]) - ord('0')) % mod

    ans1,ans2 = 0,0
    for i in range(n):
        ans1 = (ans1*base + ((i//k) & 1)) % mod
        ans2 = (ans2*base + ((i//k) & 1 ^ 1)) % mod

    for p in range(1,n+1):
        now = (get_hs(pre, p+1,n)*pbase[p] + get_hs(past, n + 1 - p, n)) % mod
        if now == ans1 or now == ans2:
            print1(p)
            return

    print1(-1)


for _ in range(I()):
    solve()