Linux下搭建高可用Keepalived运行环境

创作不易，如果觉得这篇文章对你有帮助，欢迎各位老铁点个赞呗，您的支持是我创作的最大动力！

1 前言

keepalived是一款可以实现高可用的软件（可以用来实现双机热备），通常来说，我们会部署在2台或者3台服务器上，分为一主一备（2备）。Keepalived内部C语言实现的有一套机制，可以对本机上的进程进行检测，一旦Master(主)节点检测出某个进程出现问题，将自己切换成Backup(备用)状态，然后通知另外一个备用节点切换成Master(主)节点状态。

2 下载keepalived安装包

下载链接： https://www.keepalived.org/download.html

本文以 keepalived-2.0.20 版本为例，介绍keepalived的安装过程。

3 安装keepalived

在Linux上安装软件可以选择yum安装、rpm包安装、.tar.gz的源码包安装，对于.tar.gz的源码包安装，经常会用到了./configure脚本，比如说nginx、keepalived等等。

configure脚本有大量的命令行选项，可以通过–help可以查看：./configure --help

3.1 安装相关依赖

安装keepalived跟安装nginx一样，也需要一些依赖环境。

添加依赖，执行以下命令：
yum install openssl openssl-devel libnl libnl-devel -y

3.2 解压缩下载的安装包文件

使用以下命令：
tar -zxvf keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz

3.3 安装配置keepalived

configure需要的依赖： openssl 、libnl

• 进入keepalived-2.0.20目录
  cd keepalived-2.0.20/

• 执行配置
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
  其中--prefix是指定要将keepalived安装到哪个位置
  
  以上configure配置没有错误和警告，说明配置成功。

• 执行编译
  make
  
  出现如上框起来的内容，说明make编译成功（以上可能会出现warning，不影响使用）。

• 执行安装
  make install
  这一步执行完之后，才会真正的在/usr/local/下生成安装的目录keepalived

  也可以将上面的编译和安装，使用一条命令执行：
  make && make install

3.4 编译可能出现的问题

• 第一种错误

  configure: error: 
    !!! OpenSSL is not properly installed on your system. !!!
    !!! Can not include OpenSSL headers files. 
  

  这个错误说明，没有openssl依赖，执行以下命令，安装openssl：
  yum install openssl openssl-devel -y

• 第一种错误

  *** WARNING - this build will not support IPVS with IPv6. Please install libnl/libnl-3 dev libraries to support IPv6 with IPVS.
  

  以上警告问题，说明没有libnl依赖，执行以下命令安装libnl依赖：
  yum install libnl libnl-devel -y

• 第一种错误

  configure: error: in `/opt/mysoft/keepalived-2.0.11':
  configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
  See `config.log' for more details
  

  这个error错误说明缺少c语言编译器，没有c语言编译依赖，执行以下命令，安装gcc：
  yum install gcc

至此，keepalived就安装完成了

4 keepalived的启动与停止

4.1 keepalived的启动

• 启动keepalived使用以下命令：
  /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D

  注意：
  以上启动方式，会出现Unable to find configuration file /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf (glob returned 3)，导致服务启动失败，因为配置文件默认需要放在/etc/keepalived目录下，启动的时候找这个配置文件，所以需要把配置文件拷贝到/etc/keepalived/目录下。

  使用命令，将keepalived配置文件拷贝到etc下：
  mkdir /etc/keepalived && cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

• 启动keepalived的另一种方式（推荐使用）：
  /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

  参数说明：
  -D表示把启动信息打印到日志记录，即/var/log/messages可以查看到keepalived的日志信息
  -f指定keepalived.conf的配置文件路径

  
  keepalived服务启动成功后会有三个进程，包括父进程、vrrp子进程，原来老版本还有一个healthchecker子进程，现在新版本已经没有了。父进程主要负责读取配置文件初始化 、监控子进程等，vrrp子进程负责高可用。

4.2 keepalived的停止

执行命令：
kill 主pid即可关闭keepalived服务

如果已经将keepalived添加到系统服务中，可以使用以下命令进行关闭服务：
service keepalived stop 或者systemctl stop keepalived

5 将keepalived添加到系统服务中

5.1 第一种方式（推荐）

为了方便启动和停止keepalived服务，将keepalived添加到系统服务中。

可以直接修改配置文件：vim /lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service

修改后的内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
After=network-online.target syslog.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/keepalived.pid
KillMode=process
EnvironmentFile=-/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
#ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS
ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Run systemctl daemon-reload to reload units：
使用systemctl daemon-reload命令重新加载systemctl配置

此时已加入系统服务，可以使用systemctl或者services方式启动与停止。

5.2 第二种方式

为了方便启动和停止keepalived服务，将keepalived添加到系统服务中。

路径说明	路径
解压后源码存放路径	/opt/mysoft/keepalived-2.0.10
安装目录	/usr/local/keepalived

配置keepalived自启动：

# 创建keepalived文件夹
mkdir /etc/keepalived/

# 将keepalived配置文件拷贝到etc下
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

# 拷贝执行文件
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

# 将初始化脚本拷贝到系统初始化目录下
cp /opt/mysoft/keepalived-2.0.20/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/

# 将keepalived系统配置文件拷贝到etc下
cp /opt/mysoft/keepalived-2.0.20/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

# 添加可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived

# 添加keepalived到开机启动
chkconfig --add keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on

# 查看添加到chkconfig的自启动服务
chkconfig --list

此时已加入系统服务，可以使用systemctl或者services方式启动与停止。

5.3 自启动后keepalived的启动和停止

• 启动keepalived服务
  systemctl start keepalived或者service keepalived start

• 停止keepalived服务
  systemctl stop keepalived或者service keepalived stop

• 重启keepalived服务
  systemctl restart keepalived或者service keepalived restart

• 查看keepalived服务运行情况
  ps -ef | grep keepalived或者systemctl status keepalived或者service keepalived status

• 禁止keepalived开机自启动
  systemctl disable keepalived

• 启用keepalived开机自启动
  systemctl enable keepalived

好啦，至此，基础的keepalived服务运行环境就安装完成了。keepalived的基础使用，可以参考博主另一篇博文：服务高可用之Keepalived使用详解

本文参考资料： https://www.jianshu.com/p/fae5e3252fc8

写博客是为了记住自己容易忘记的东西，另外也是对自己工作的总结，希望尽自己的努力，做到更好，大家一起努力进步！

如果有什么问题，欢迎大家评论，一起探讨，代码如有问题，欢迎各位大神指正！

给自己的梦想添加一双翅膀，让它可以在天空中自由自在的飞翔！