NSString 字符串

字符串分为:不可变字符串(NSString)和可变字符串(NSMutableString)

/* 不可变字符串 */

1. 创建字符串对象

(1)初始化方法

NSString *name1 =[[NSString alloc]initWithString:@"1234567890"]

(2)便利构造器

NSString *name2 = [NSString stringWithString:@"1234567890"];

(3)字面量

NSString *name3 = @"1234567890";

2.获取字符串长度

NSLog(@"length = %ld", [name3 length]);

NSLog(@"%ld", name3.length);

3.获取子字符串

(1)从字符串第三个字符之后开始获取

NSString *str1 = [name3 substringFromIndex:3]

(2)获取字符串前三个字符

NSString *str2 = [name3 substringToIndex:3];

(3)根据指定位置来获取字符串

NSRange range = NSMakeRange(2, 3);
NSString *str3 = [name3 substringWithRange:range];

4.拼接字符串

NSString *pro = @"辽宁省";
NSString *city = @"大连市";
NSString *area = @"沙河口";
        
NSString *str4 = [pro stringByAppendingString:city];
NSString *str5 = [str4 stringByAppendingString:area];
NSLog(@"%@", str5);

5.替换字符串

(1)直接替换

NSString *word = @"helle";
NSString *newword = [word stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"e" withString:@"o"];

(2)根据指定位置来替换

NSRange range1 = NSMakeRange(4, 1);
NSString *str7 =[word stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:range1 withString:@"o"];

6.字符串相等

 NSString *useName = @"Yuno";
        if ([useName isEqualToString:@"Yuno"]) {
            NSLog(@"登陆");
        }else {
            NSLog(@"用户不存在");
        }

7.字符串比较 (逐个比较大小) 

        NSString *str8 = @"abc";
        NSString *str9 = @"abd";
        NSLog(@"比较结果:%ld", [str8 compare:str9]);

8.判断字符串是什么开头或者结尾

- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)aString; //判断是什么开头
- (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)aString; //判断是什么结尾

9.字符串大小转换

        NSString *str10 = @"I am a student";
           // 字符串全部改成大写字母
        NSString *str11 = [str10 uppercaseString];
          // 字符串全部改成小写字母
        NSString *str12 = [str10 lowercaseString];
          // 字符串每一个单词开头变成大写
        NSString *str13 = [str10 capitalizedString];

10.数值和字符串相互转换

       // 字符串转数值
        NSString *str14 = @"3.1415926";
        double d = [str14 doubleValue]; //如果转出整形 [str14 intValue];

        // 数值转字符串
        int a =12345;
        NSString *str15 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", a];

        // Format 格式化 
        NSString *str16 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"生成新的字符串 %@", str16];

11. 分割字符串 

        NSString *s = @"abc/def/ghi";
        NSArray *my = [str componentsSeparatedByString:@"/"]; // 用"/"将字符串分割,返回值为数组

/* 可变字符串 */

1.创建可变字符串

        NSMutableString *mstr = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"可变字符串"];
        NSMutableString *mstr1 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"可变字符串 %@", mstr];

2.拼接字符串

        [mstr appendString:@"可变长"]; // 一般可变量的方法都没有返回值
        NSLog(@"mstr = %@", mstr); 

3.插入字符串

        [mstr insertString:@"任意" atIndex:6]; //根据下标来插入

4.删除字符串

        NSRange range2 = NSMakeRange(6, 2); //根据指定位置来删除字符串
        [mstr deleteCharactersInRange:range2];