Python脚本创建mininet网络拓扑与iperf测量

目录

1.新建Python文件example.py，并保存在mininet/custom目录下

1.1 __init__()

1.2 addController

1.3 addSwitch

1.4 addHost设置主机CPU

1.5 addLink设置链路间的带宽、延迟、丢包率等

1.6 ping互通测试

1.6 iperf测试TCP吞吐量、UDP丢包和延迟抖动[2]

1.7 buildFromTopo() 

2.修改文件example.py为可执行文件和可读写文件

3.运行脚本 

参考文献

---

1.新建Python文件example.py，并保存在mininet/custom目录下

""" this file is a custom topology using Python.
reference link:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39616367/article/details/111450445
"""

from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.node import CPULimitedHost
from mininet.link import TCLink
from mininet.cli import CLI

net = Mininet(host=CPULimitedHost, link=TCLink)

#def addController( self, name='c0', controller=None, **params ):
c0 = net.addController()

# def addSwitch( self, name, cls=None, **params ):
s1 = net.addSwitch('s1')

#def addHost( self, name, cls=None, **params ):
h1 = net.addHost('h1')
h2 = net.addHost('h2', cpu=0.5)
h3 = net.addHost('h3', cpu=0.5)

#def addLink( self, node1, node2, port1=None, port2=None, cls=None, **params ):
net.addLink(s1, h1, bw=10, delay='5ms', max_queue_size=1000, loss=10, use_htb=True)
net.addLink(s1, h2)
net.addLink(s1, h3)

#def ping( self, hosts=None, timeout=None ):
net.pingAll()

net.start()
CLI(net)    #Waiting for command

其中，mininet.net中的Mininet类定义了一个网络的类，包括拓扑、交换机、主机、控制器、链路、接口等，具体定义如下：

1.1 __init__()

def __init__( self, topo=None, switch=OVSKernelSwitch, host=Host,
                  controller=DefaultController, link=Link, intf=Intf,
                  build=True, xterms=False, cleanup=False, ipBase='10.0.0.0/8',
                  inNamespace=False,
                  autoSetMacs=False, autoStaticArp=False, autoPinCpus=False,
                  listenPort=None, waitConnected=False ):
        """Create Mininet object.
           topo: Topo (topology) object or None
           switch: default Switch class
           host: default Host class/constructor
           controller: default Controller class/constructor
           link: default Link class/constructor
           intf: default Intf class/constructor
           ipBase: base IP address for hosts,
           build: build now from topo?
           xterms: if build now, spawn xterms?
           cleanup: if build now, cleanup before creating?
           inNamespace: spawn switches and controller in net namespaces?
           autoSetMacs: set MAC addrs automatically like IP addresses?
           autoStaticArp: set all-pairs static MAC addrs?
           autoPinCpus: pin hosts to (real) cores (requires CPULimitedHost)?
           listenPort: base listening port to open; will be incremented for
               each additional switch in the net if inNamespace=False
           waitConnected: wait for switches to Connect?
               (False; True/None=wait indefinitely; time(s)=timed wait)"""

1.2 addController

def addController( self, name='c0', controller=None, **params ):
        """Add controller.
           controller: Controller class"""

1.3 addSwitch

def addSwitch( self, name, cls=None, **params ):
        """Add switch.
           name: name of switch to add
           cls: custom switch class/constructor (optional)
           returns: added switch
           side effect: increments listenPort ivar ."""

1.4 addHost设置主机CPU

def addHost( self, name, cls=None, **params ):
        """Add host.
           name: name of host to add
           cls: custom host class/constructor (optional)
           params: parameters for host
           returns: added host"""

如：h1 = net.addHost('h1', cpu=0.5)
name	需要加入节点的名字
cls	custom host class，可选参数
params	可选参数，具体见mininet/mininet/node.py中的config()
	cpu:desired overall system CPU fraction
	cores: (real) core(s) this host can run on

  mininet/mininet/node.py中的config()

def config( self, cpu=-1, cores=None, **params ):
        """cpu: desired overall system CPU fraction
           cores: (real) core(s) this host can run on
           params: parameters for Node.config()"""

1.5 addLink设置链路间的带宽、延迟、丢包率等

def addLink( self, node1, node2, port1=None, port2=None, cls=None, **params ):
        """"Add a link from node1 to node2
            node1: source node (or name)
            node2: dest node (or name)
            port1: source port (optional)
            port2: dest port (optional)
            cls: link class (optional)
            params: additional link params (optional)
            returns: link object"""

如：self.addLink( node1, node2, bw=10, delay='5ms', max_queue_size=1000, loss=10, use_htb=True) 使用htb速率限制器和netem延迟/丢失模拟器，添加具有带宽、延迟和丢失特性，最大排队长度为1000的双向链路。
node1,node2	节点1，2
port1	source port源端口，可选参数
port2	destination port目的端口，可选参数
cls	custom link class，可选参数
params	可选参数，具体见mininet/mininet/link.py的config()
	bw: bandwidth in b/s (e.g. '10M')单位是Mbit
	delay: transmit delay (e.g. '5ms', '100us', '1s')
	jitter: jitter (e.g. '1ms')
	loss: loss (e.g. '1%' )百分比
	内核队列调度算法： use_tbf: use TBF scheduling use_hfsc: use HFSC scheduling，HFSC:Hierarchical Fair Service Curve’s(层次公平服务曲线)  use_htb: use HTB scheduling, HTB:Hierarchical Token Bucket(层级令牌桶)
	max_queue_size: queue limit parameter for netem以数据包表示

  mininet/mininet/link.py的config()

def config( self, bw=None, delay=None, jitter=None, loss=None,
                gro=False, txo=True, rxo=True,
                speedup=0, use_hfsc=False, use_tbf=False,
                latency_ms=None, enable_ecn=False, enable_red=False,
                max_queue_size=None, **params ):
        """Configure the port and set its properties.
           bw: bandwidth in b/s (e.g. '10m')
           delay: transmit delay (e.g. '1ms' )
           jitter: jitter (e.g. '1ms')
           loss: loss (e.g. '1%' )
           gro: enable GRO (False)
           txo: enable transmit checksum offload (True)
           rxo: enable receive checksum offload (True)
           speedup: experimental switch-side bw option
           use_hfsc: use HFSC scheduling
           use_tbf: use TBF scheduling
           latency_ms: TBF latency parameter
           enable_ecn: enable ECN (False)
           enable_red: enable RED (False)
           max_queue_size: queue limit parameter for netem"""

1.6 ping互通测试

def ping( self, hosts=None, timeout=None ):
        """Ping between all specified hosts.
           hosts: list of hosts
           timeout: time to wait for a response, as string
           returns: ploss packet loss percentage"""

1.6 iperf测试TCP吞吐量、UDP丢包和延迟抖动[2]

def iperf( self, hosts=None, l4Type='TCP', udpBw='10M', fmt=None,
               seconds=5, port=5001):
        """Run iperf between two hosts.
           hosts: list of hosts; if None, uses first and last hosts
           l4Type: string, one of [ TCP, UDP ]
           udpBw: bandwidth target for UDP test
           fmt: iperf format argument if any
           seconds: iperf time to transmit
           port: iperf port
           returns: two-element array of [ server, client ] speeds
           note: send() is buffered, so client rate can be much higher than
           the actual transmission rate; on an unloaded system, server
           rate should be much closer to the actual receive rate"""

iperf是一款常用的网络带宽测试工具，分为客户端和服务端。服务端首先开启监听，客户端发送流量，最后测得带宽的大小。以h1为服务端，以h2为客户端。打开服务端和客户端终端命令为：

xterm h1 h2

1、Iperf测试TCP网络带宽利用率  

h1服务端	iperf -s
h2客户端	Iperf默认的运行时间在10秒左右，通过“-t”和“-i”参数来改变Iperf运行的时间和输出频率。如：iperf -c 10.0.0.1 -t 60 -i 10
	通过“-n”参数指定要传输的数据量，指定“-n”参数后，“-t”参数失效，Iperf在传输完毕指定大小的数据包后，自动结束。如：iperf -c 10.0.0.1 -n 100M -i 10
	通过“-P”参数测试多线程TCP吞吐量。如：iperf -c 10.0.0.1 -n 100M -i 10 -P 2

2、Iperf测试UDP数据包丢包率和延迟指标

h1服务端	通过“-p”指定服务器端与客户端所连接的端口，iperf -s -u -p 6633 -t 60 -i 10
h2客户端	通过Iperf的“-u”参数即可测试UDP应用的传输性能，“-b”参数测试客户端传输100M的UDP数据包，如：iperf -c 10.0.0.1 -u -p 6633 -t 60 -i 10 -b 100M
“Jitter”列表示抖动时间，也称为传输延迟。 “Lost/Total Datagrams”列表示丢失的数据包和数据包数量，0%是平均丢包率。

1.7 buildFromTopo() 

Mininet类最主要的部分是 build() 函数，依次执行：根据拓扑创建网络，配置网络名字空间，配置主机的 IP、MAC 等信息，检查是否启动 xterm，是否配置自动静态 arp 等。

def buildFromTopo( self, topo=None ):
        """Build mininet from a topology object
           At the end of this function, everything should be connected
           and up."""

2.修改文件example.py为可执行文件和可读写文件

chmod +x example.py
chmod 666 example.py

3.运行脚本 

sudo python3 example.py

参考文献

1.mininet搭建自定义网络拓扑.http://www.muzixing.com/pages/2013/12/06/yuan-chuang-mininetda-jian-zi-ding-yi-wang-luo-tuo-bu-by-muzi.html.

2.性能测试工具Iperf 验证SDN网络.https://www.sdnlab.com/15088.html.