HDU 5500（Reorder the books）

                                       Reorder the Books

                      Time Limit: 4000/2000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 131072/131072 K (Java/Others)
                                              Total Submission(s): 1823    Accepted Submission(s): 938

Problem Description

dxy has a collection of a series of books called "The Stories of SDOI",There are n(n≤19) books in this series.Every book has a number from 1 to n.

dxy puts these books in a book stack with the order of their numbers increasing from top to bottom. dxy takes great care of these books and no one is allowed to touch them.

One day Evensgn visited dxy's home, because dxy was dating with his girlfriend, dxy let Evensgn stay at home himself. Evensgn was curious about this series of books.So he took a look at them. He found out there was a story about "Little E&Little Q". While losing himself in the story,he disrupted the order of the books.

Knowing that dxy would be back soon,Evensgn needed to get the books ordered again.But because the books were too heavy.The only thing Evensgn could do was to take out a book from the book stack and and put it at the stack top. 

Give you the order of the disordered books.Could you calculate the minimum steps Evensgn would use to reorder the books? If you could solve the problem for him,he will give you a signed book "The Stories of SDOI 9: The Story of Little E" as a gift.

 Input

There are several testcases.

There is an positive integer T(T≤30) in the first line standing for the number of testcases.

For each testcase, there is an positive integer n in the first line standing for the number of books in this series.

Followed n positive integers separated by space standing for the order of the disordered books,the ith integer stands for the ith book's number(from top to bottom).

Hint:
For the first testcase:Moving in the order of book3,book2,book1 ,(4,1,2,3)→(3,4,1,2)→(2,3,4,1)→(1,2,3,4),and this is the best way to reorder the books.
For the second testcase:It's already ordered so there is no operation needed.

 Output

For each testcase,output one line for an integer standing for the minimum steps Evensgn would use to reorder the books.

 Sample Input

2

4

4 1 2 3

5

1 2 3 4 5

 Sample Output

3

0

 题意：给你一串只有1到n的n个数，每次选其中一个数放到队头，问最少多少次操作能使这出数字变成1,2,...n的排列。

思路：首先最大的数n是不用操作的（其他数操作好了，n自然在最后面了）。先找到数n的位置，在n之前找n-1，若没找到n-1，则n-1需要操作，所有小于n-1的数均需要操作；若找到了n-1，再接着往前依次找n-2，n-3，。。。假如数k找不到了，那就是至少需要k次操作。

代码：

#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <deque>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <time.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <math.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#define PI acos(-1)
#define ll long long
#define LL long long
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
#define ull unsigned long long
using namespace std;

int a[100];
int main()
{
    int T;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--)
    {
        int n;
        scanf("%d",&n);
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]);
        int num=n;
        for(int i=n;i>=1;i--)
        {
            if(a[i]==num) num--;
        }
        cout<<num<<endl;
    }
}