Beginning Python - Chapter7 : Exceptions

#Chapter8:Exceptions
#Question：Warning?
#1 The raise statement
# raise Exception('test')
import exceptions
print dir(exceptions) # built-in exceptions in the module exceptions(as well as in the built-in namespace)

# custom exception classes
class someCustomException(Exception):
    pass

# catch exceptions
try:
    x,y = 1,0
    print x/y #ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print 'the second number cannot be zero!'
   
# catch an exception and raise it again
class Test:
    muffled = False
    def f1(self,expr):
        try:
            return eval(expr)
        except ZeroDivisionError:
            if self.muffled:
                print '---1 division by zero is illegal'
            else:
                print '---2'
                raise
c = Test()
print c.f1('10/2')   #5
# print c.f1('10/0') # ---2 raise exception message
c.muffled = True
print c.f1('10/0')   # ---1 division ... None

#2 more than one except clause
try:
    x,y = 1,0
    z = 'hello'
    print x/z
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print 'cannot be zero'
except TypeError:
    print 'please use number'
except (ZeroDivisionError,TypeError): # cath two exceptions with one Block
    pass

#3 catch the object
try:
    x,y = 1,0
    print x/y
except ZeroDivisionError,e:
    print e # print exception message."integer division or modulo by zero"

#4 a real catch all
try:
    pass
except:
    pass # catch all kinds of exceptions

#5 else / break
#while True:
try:
        x,y=1,0
        print x/x
except:
        print 'something is wrong'
        print e
else:
        print 'everything is ok'
#       break #main use for loop
finally:
        print 'always show up'

#5 exceptions and functions
def faulty():
    raise Exception('--raise wrong')
def ignore_ex():
    faulty()
def handle_ex():
    try:
        faulty()
    except:
        print '--handle'

#ignore_ex() #Exception: --raise wrong
handle_ex()

#6 the zen of exceptions