ThreadLocal

ThreadLocal

概述

1、Thread中有个ThreadLocalMap成员变量
2、ThreadLocal的get()set()其实就是对当前线程的ThreadLocalMap成员变量进行操作。
3、ThreadLocalMap有个table数组，是个key为ThreadLocal值为Object的Entry类。存取用key的hash取模，存进table。

所以说Threadlocal相当于给每个Thread提供了一个Map副本，线程隔离，数据操作相互不干扰。

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Thread

Thread有个一成员变量threadLocals ，其实每个Thread一直维护着一个ThreadLocalMap 的副本。

   /* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
     * by the ThreadLocal class. */
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;

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ThreadLocal的set与get

1、创建ThreadLocal，重写initialValue赋值

    /**
     * Returns the current thread's "initial value" for this
     * thread-local variable.  This method will be invoked the first
     * time a thread accesses the variable with the {@link #get}
     * method, unless the thread previously invoked the {@link #set}
     * method, in which case the {@code initialValue} method will not
     * be invoked for the thread.  Normally, this method is invoked at
     * most once per thread, but it may be invoked again in case of
     * subsequent invocations of {@link #remove} followed by {@link #get}.
     *
     * <p>This implementation simply returns {@code null}; if the
     * programmer desires thread-local variables to have an initial
     * value other than {@code null}, {@code ThreadLocal} must be
     * subclassed, and this method overridden.  Typically, an
     * anonymous inner class will be used.
     *
     * @return the initial value for this thread-local
     */
    protected T initialValue() {
   
        return null;
    }

2、set值的步骤：
获取当前线程的threadLocals，如果为空就创建一个。
对当前线程的threadLocals赋值

    /**
     * Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
     * to the specified value.  Most subclasses will have no need to
     * override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
     * method to set the values of thread-locals.
     *
     * @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
     *        this thread-local.
     */
    public void set(T value) {
   
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();//获取当前线程
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);//获取当前线程的threadLocals
        if (map != null)//赋值
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }
    
    /**
     * Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
     * InheritableThreadLocal.
     *
     * @param  t the current thread
     * @return the map
     */
    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
   
        return t.threadLocals;
    }
   /**
     * Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
     * InheritableThreadLocal.
     *
     * @param t the current thread
     * @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the map
     */
    void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
   
        t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }

3、get步骤
获取当前线程的threadLocals
通过getEntry获取对应节点返回。

    /**
     * Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
     * thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
     * current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
     * by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
     *
     * @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
     */
    public T get() {
   
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
   
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null) {
   
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T result = (T)e.value;
                return result;
            }
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }

    /**
     * Variant of set() to establish initialValue. Used instead
     * of set() in case user has overridden the set() method.
     *
     * @return the initial value
     */
    private T setInitialValue() {
   
        T value = initialValue();
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
        return value;
    }
    

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ThreadLocalMap

ThreadLocalMap是ThreadLocal的一个静态内部类，其中有个Entry的数据结构，可以理解为HashMap与和他的节点。
Entry的key是ThreadLocal，value是Object。
其成员变量table是一个Entry数组，用于保存数据。
并且提供了set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value)和getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key)的方法用于存取。

其实就是简化版的HashMap。

 static class ThreadLocalMap {
   

        /**
         * The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
         * its main ref field as the key (which is always a
         * ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
         * == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
         * entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
         * as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
         */
        static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
   
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;

            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
   
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }

        /**
         * The initial capacity -- MUST be a power of two.
         */
        private static final