python便利贴：python2-3兼容的代码_file "<string>", line 1 import ^-CSDN博客

Table of Contents

支持包: python-future and six

关键语法

raising exceptions

defining exception and exception chaining

Unicode String/Byte String/BaseString

Imports relative to a package

作者： Ed Schofield.

许可：Creative Commons Attribution.

pdf版本： http://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.pdf

视频版本： http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOqk8j11aAI&t=10m14s

这个笔记列举了写面向未来的代码（即同时支持python2和3）的一些惯例

对小版本：

Python 2: 2.6+
Python 3: 3.3+

支持包: python-future and six

python-future是python2和python3之间缺少的兼容层，其允许你使用一个单一的，干净的python 3.x-compatible基础代码去同时支持python 2和3。这样产生的开销是最小的（minimal overhead）。

我们使用pip install future可以import如下包:

import future
import builtins
import past
import futurize             
import pasteurize

目的相同共同相似的包还有python six，可以通过pip install six来安装，安装后，可import如下包：

import six

关键语法

python2 only:

[wlin@wlin rc_ci]$ ipython2
Python 2.7.5 (default, May 31 2018, 09:41:32) 
In [2]: print 'Hello' 
Hello

for both:

[wlin@wlin python_compatible]$ cat print.py 
from __future__ import print_function
print('hello','world')
[wlin@wlin python_compatible]$ python2 print.py 
hello world
[wlin@wlin python_compatible]$ python3 print.py 
hello world

raising exceptions

python2 only:

[wlin@wlin python_compatible]$ ipython2 
Python 2.7.5 (default, May 31 2018, 09:41:32) 

In [1]: raise ValueError, "dodgy value"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-640428d25114> in <module>()
----> 1 raise ValueError, "dodgy value"

ValueError: dodgy value

In [3]: import sys

In [4]: traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]

In [5]: raise ValueError, "dodgy value", traceback
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-91d00a6d59b2> in <module>()
----> 1 raise ValueError, "dodgy value", traceback

ValueError: dodgy value

for both:

carawangs-MacBook-Pro:python_compatible carawang$ cat raise_error.py 
raise ValueError('dodgy value')

#from future.utils import raise_with_traceback
#raise_with_traceback(ValueError("dodgy value"))
carawangs-MacBook-Pro:python_compatible carawang$ python2.7 raise_error.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "raise_error.py", line 1, in <module>
    raise ValueError('dodgy value')
ValueError: dodgy value
carawangs-MacBook-Pro:python_compatible carawang$ python3.7 raise_error.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "raise_error.py", line 1, in <module>
    raise ValueError('dodgy value')
ValueError: dodgy value

carawangs-MacBook-Pro:python_compatible carawang$ cat raise_error.py 
#raise ValueError('dodgy value')

from future.utils import raise_with_traceback
raise_with_traceback(ValueError("dodgy value"))
carawangs-MacBook-Pro:python_compatible carawang$ python2.7 raise_error.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "raise_error.py", line 4, in <module>
    raise_with_traceback(ValueError("dodgy value"))
  File "<string>", line 7, in raise_with_traceback
ValueError: dodgy value
carawangs-MacBook-Pro:python_compatible carawang$ python3.7 raise_error.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "raise_error.py", line 4, in <module>
    raise_with_traceback(ValueError("dodgy value"))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/future/utils/__init__.py", line 446, in raise_with_traceback
    raise exc.with_traceback(traceback)
ValueError: dodgy value