HDOJ5047-Sawtooth

Sawtooth

Problem Description

Think about a plane:

● One straight line can divide a plane into two regions.
● Two lines can divide a plane into at most four regions.
● Three lines can divide a plane into at most seven regions.
● And so on...

Now we have some figure constructed with two parallel rays in the same direction, joined by two straight segments. It looks like a character “M”. You are given N such “M”s. What is the maximum number of regions that these “M”s can divide a plane ?

 

Input

The first line of the input is T (1 ≤ T ≤ 100000), which stands for the number of test cases you need to solve.

Each case contains one single non-negative integer, indicating number of “M”s. (0 ≤ N ≤ 10 ¹²)

 

Output

For each test case, print a line “Case #t: ”(without quotes, t means the index of the test case) at the beginning. Then an integer that is the maximum number of regions N the “M” figures can divide.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   2
1
2
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   Case #1: 2
Case #2: 19

题意：M型的线能把平面分成多少部分。
思路1：N条直线能把平面分成1+N(N+1)/2部分。 把M看成四条直线，带入公式1+4N（4N+1）/2得到 N==1时 11，N==2时 37  跟M型正确的时候相差9N  所以推出公式
   
   
1+4N（4N+1）/2-9N 化简成N（8N-7）+1
思路2：用待定系数法。二维则设ax^2+bx+c=0 三维则设成ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=0  现在用二维求得a，b，c分别为8 -7 1  化成
N（8N-7）+1

化成
N（8N-7）+1
求解，因为N^2在这里可能会超范围。把大数分成两部分前部分为sum/1000000 后部分为sum%1000000  然后进位输出。


   
   

   
   

   
   

   
   
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
#define mod 1000000
int main()
{
    long long n,x,t=1;
    cin>>n;
    while(n--)
    {
        cin>>x;
        long long  m=(x<<3)-7;  ;
        long long rm,lm;
        rm=m/mod;
        lm=m%mod;
        rm=rm*x;
        lm=lm*x+1;
        rm=rm+lm/mod;
        lm=lm%mod;
          printf("Case #%d: ",t);  
        if(rm)
           printf("%I64d%06I64d\n",rm,lm);
        else
           printf("%I64d\n",lm);  
        t++;
    }
    return 0;
}