保证完全解决 553 Could not create file 和500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot

在尝试搭建vsftpd系统的时候，遇到了很多的问题，主要以解决 553 Could not create file 和500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot ()这两个问题为主，其实主要是权限设置的问题，主要参照本文中“第二步，创建ftp目录”，不管将ftp服务目录放在哪个路径下，只要权限设置正确了，就没有问题;

1.主目录 ftp 权限 755  所属 root:root

2.在ftp目录下，创建上传下载目录，上传目录至少要读写权限，下载目录的文件至少要读权限，可以直接设置为 777 全权限

在这里简单总结一下，正确的搭建过程

以下过程需要在终端下进行

第一步，安装vsftpd

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

第二步，创建ftp目录

默认路径可能是

/srv/ftp

查看ftp目录权限

root@redmaple-PC:/# ls -l /srv
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 7月  11 10:26 ftp

注意，这个ftp目录的权限和所属，可以用下面的命令修改,出于安全考虑这里一定要这样设置

sudo chown root:root ftp

sudo chmod 755 ftp

为了能上传文件，在ftp目录下，创建上传、下载文件夹，权限和所属如下

root@redmaple-PC:/srv/ftp# ls -l
总用量 12
drwxrwxrwx 2 ftp ftp 4096 7月  11 10:26 download
drwxrwxrwx 2 ftp ftp 4096 7月  11 10:26 other
drwxrwxrwx 2 ftp ftp 4096 7月  11 11:44 upload

这里的权限设置为 777, 所属为 ftp：ftp

到这里，文件夹的创建工作基本就完成了，

有人喜欢将ftp目录放在/var目录，自己参照上面的步骤操作即可

更多设置请自行学习。

第三步，修改配置文件

redmaple@redmaple-PC:~$ sudo vi /etc/vsftpd.conf

下面是我的设置（这个只是简单的实现anonymous用户上传、下载--需要注意文件的权限)

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#这个和上面的listen只能有一个是YES
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
anon_other_write_enable=YES
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES
#
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
local_root=/var/ftp
anon_root=/var/ftp

修改完成，保存退出。

第四步 启动vsftpd服务

redmaple@redmaple-PC:~$ /etc/init.d/vsftpd start
[ ok ] Starting vsftpd (via systemctl): vsftpd.service.

查看启动情况

redmaple@redmaple-PC:~$ service vsftpd status
● vsftpd.service - vsftpd FTP server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-07-11 12:35:08 CST; 38s ago
  Process: 28162 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/vsftpd/empty (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 28163 (vsftpd)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 4616)
   Memory: 4.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
           └─28163 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf
redmaple@redmaple-PC:~$ 

成功运行啦

第五步 上传下载试试吧

//转到要上传文件所在目录查看，有1个123.txt文件，权限 777

redmaple@redmaple-PC:~/Desktop$ cd down
redmaple@redmaple-PC:~/Desktop/down$ ls -l
总用量 
-rwxrwxrwx 1 redmaple redmaple        22 7月  11 09:12 123.txt

链接ftp，登陆，上传

//链接
redmaple@redmaple-PC:~/Desktop/down$ ftp 192.168.192.130
Connected to 192.168.192.130.
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (192.168.192.130:redmaple): anonymous
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
//查看可用目录--upload
ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxrwxrwx    2 119      128          4096 Jul 11 12:24 upload
226 Directory send OK.
//进入 upload
ftp> cd upload
250 Directory successfully changed.
//上传文件，现在是本地目录上传到ftp当前目录，如果不修改文件名称，直接按照下面这样写
//如果要更改文件名 后面直接 跟新的文件名
ftp> put 123.txt
local: 123.txt remote: 123.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
22 bytes sent in 0.00 secs (197.1044 kB/s)
//查看
ftp> ls -l
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r-xr-x    1 119      128            22 Jul 11 12:45 123.txt
226 Directory send OK.
//可以看到文件已经成果上传了

下载文件，重命名(123.txt --> 666.txt)

//下载
ftp> get 123.txt 666.txt
local: 666.txt remote: 123.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for 123.txt (22 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
22 bytes received in 0.00 secs (186.8206 kB/s)
//查看
ftp> ls -l
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r-xr-x    1 119      128            22 Jul 11 12:45 123.txt
226 Directory send OK.

退出ftp服务器

ftp> bye
221 Goodbye.

看一下本地目录是否真的下载了文件

redmaple@redmaple-PC:~/Desktop/down$ ls -l
总用量 
-rwxrwxrwx 1 redmaple redmaple        22 7月  11 09:12 123.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 redmaple redmaple        22 7月  11 12:46 666.txt

到这里基本就实现了服务器搭建，文件上传和下载的简单功能，更高深的技巧，就可以在此基础上继续学习了。

欢迎留言指正。