python3 中解析简单的xml文档

**
xml是一种十分常见的表机性语言，可提供统一的方法来描述应用程序的结构化数据。
**
[code lang="xml"]
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
<country name="Liechtenstein">
<rank>1</rank>
<year>2008</year>
<gdppc>141100</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
<neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
</country>
<country name="Singapore">
<rank>4</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>59900</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
</country>
<country name="Panama">
<rank>68</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>13600</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
<neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
</country>
</data>

那么在python当中如何解析xml文档呢？

我们可以使用标准库中的xml.etree.ElementTree,其中的parse函数可以解析xml文档。

from xml.etree.ElementEtree import parse #导入这个函数

parse这个函数有两个参数parse(source,parse=None)

Python

In [28]: parse? Signature: parse(source, parser=None) Docstring: Parse XML document into element tree. *source* is a filename or file object containing XML data, *parser* is an optional parser instance defaulting to XMLParser. Return an ElementTree instance. File: /usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/xml/etree/ElementTree.py Type: function

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In [ 28 ] : parse ? Signature : parse ( source , parser = None ) Docstring : Parse XML document into element tree .   * source * is a filename or file object containing XML data , * parser * is an optional parser instance defaulting to XMLParser .   Return an ElementTree instance . File :        / usr / local / Cellar / python3 / 3.6.2 / Frameworks / Python . framework / Versions / 3.6 / lib / python3 . 6 / xml / etree / ElementTree . py Type :        function

可以把上面这个xml文件作为source也就是输入元。

Python

In [31]: from xml.etree.ElementTree import fromstring,parse In [32]: f = open('01.xml') In [33]: et = parse(f) In [34]: root = et.getroot()

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In [ 31 ] : from xml.etree.ElementTree import fromstring , parse   In [ 32 ] : f = open ( '01.xml' )   In [ 33 ] : et = parse ( f )   In [ 34 ] : root = et . getroot ( )

Python

# 获取根地址 In [35]: root Out[35]: <Element 'data' at 0x107949818>

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# 获取根地址   In [ 35 ] : root Out [ 35 ] : < Element 'data' at 0x107949818 >

Python

In [36]: root.tag Out[36]: 'data' # 获取标签

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In [ 36 ] : root . tag Out [ 36 ] : 'data' # 获取标签

Python

# 获取属性 In [37]: root.attrib Out[37]: {}

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# 获取属性 In [ 37 ] : root . attrib Out [ 37 ] : { }

Python

# 获取文本 In [38]: root.text Out[38]: '\n ' In [39]: root.text.strip() Out[39]: ''

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# 获取文本 In [ 38 ] : root . text Out [ 38 ] : '\n    '   In [ 39 ] : root . text . strip ( ) Out [ 39 ] : ''

Python

# 获取子节点 In [40]: root.getchildren() Out[40]: [<Element 'country' at 0x107d76778>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8>]

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# 获取子节点 In [ 40 ] : root . getchildren ( ) Out [ 40 ] : [ < Element 'country' at 0x107d76778 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8 > ]

Python

# 获取子节点的文本 In [43]: for x in root: ...: print(x.get('name')) ...: ...: Liechtenstein Singapore Panama

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# 获取子节点的文本 In [ 43 ] : for x in root :      . . . :      print ( x . get ( 'name' ) )      . . . :      . . . : Liechtenstein Singapore Panama

Python

# 获取root 节点的 country(第一个节点) In [44]: root.find('country') Out[44]: <Element 'country' at 0x107d76778>

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# 获取root 节点的 country(第一个节点)   In [ 44 ] : root . find ( 'country' ) Out [ 44 ] : < Element 'country' at 0x107d76778 >

Python

# 获取root 节点下的所遇的country In [45]: root.findall('country') Out[45]: [<Element 'country' at 0x107d76778>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8>]

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# 获取root 节点下的所遇的country   In [ 45 ] : root . findall ( 'country' ) Out [ 45 ] : [ < Element 'country' at 0x107d76778 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8 > ]

Python

# 获取root 节点下的所遇的country 生成器 In [46]: root.iterfind('country') Out[46]: <generator object prepare_child.<locals>.select at 0x107147b48> In [47]: for e in root.iterfind('country'): ...: print(e.get('name')) ...: Liechtenstein Singapore Panama

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# 获取root 节点下的所遇的country 生成器 In [ 46 ] : root . iterfind ( 'country' ) Out [ 46 ] : < generator object prepare_child . < locals > . select at 0x107147b48 >   In [ 47 ] : for e in root . iterfind ( 'country' ) :      . . . :          print ( e . get ( 'name' ) )      . . . : Liechtenstein Singapore Panama

Python

# 不能获取孙子节点 In [48]: root.findall('rank') Out[48]: [] In [49]: root.iter() Out[49]: <_elementtree._element_iterator at 0x107d530a0>

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# 不能获取孙子节点   In [ 48 ] : root . findall ( 'rank' ) Out [ 48 ] : [ ]     In [ 49 ] : root . iter ( ) Out [ 49 ] : < _elementtree . _element_iterator at 0x107d530a0 >

Python

# 获取所有的节点 In [50]: [x for x in root.iter()] Out[50]: [<Element 'data' at 0x107949818>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d76778>, <Element 'rank' at 0x107d76818>, <Element 'year' at 0x107d76728>, <Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d76598>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x10784f9f8>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x10784f8b8>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188>, <Element 'rank' at 0x107d3e908>, <Element 'year' at 0x107d3e548>, <Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d3ec78>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3e638>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8>, <Element 'rank' at 0x107d3ed18>, <Element 'year' at 0x107d3ea48>, <Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d3e368>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3e9a8>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3eb88>]

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# 获取所有的节点   In [ 50 ] : [ x for x in root . iter ( ) ] Out [ 50 ] : [ < Element 'data' at 0x107949818 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d76778 > , < Element 'rank' at 0x107d76818 > , < Element 'year' at 0x107d76728 > , < Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d76598 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x10784f9f8 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x10784f8b8 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188 > , < Element 'rank' at 0x107d3e908 > , < Element 'year' at 0x107d3e548 > , < Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d3ec78 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3e638 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8 > , < Element 'rank' at 0x107d3ed18 > , < Element 'year' at 0x107d3ea48 > , < Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d3e368 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3e9a8 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3eb88 > ]

Python

# 获取接点是 rank的所有节点,包括rank In [51]: [x for x in root.iter('rank')] Out[51]: [<Element 'rank' at 0x107d76818>, <Element 'rank' at 0x107d3e908>, <Element 'rank' at 0x107d3ed18>]

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# 获取接点是 rank的所有节点,包括rank In [ 51 ] : [ x for x in root . iter ( 'rank' ) ] Out [ 51 ] : [ < Element 'rank' at 0x107d76818 > , < Element 'rank' at 0x107d3e908 > , < Element 'rank' at 0x107d3ed18 > ]

Python

# 查找 country 下所有的子元素 In [52]: root.findall('country/*') Out[52]: [<Element 'rank' at 0x107d76818>, <Element 'year' at 0x107d76728>, <Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d76598>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x10784f9f8>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x10784f8b8>, <Element 'rank' at 0x107d3e908>, <Element 'year' at 0x107d3e548>, <Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d3ec78>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3e638>, <Element 'rank' at 0x107d3ed18>, <Element 'year' at 0x107d3ea48>, <Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d3e368>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3e9a8>, <Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3eb88>]

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# 查找 country 下所有的子元素 In [ 52 ] : root . findall ( 'country/*' ) Out [ 52 ] : [ < Element 'rank' at 0x107d76818 > , < Element 'year' at 0x107d76728 > , < Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d76598 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x10784f9f8 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x10784f8b8 > , < Element 'rank' at 0x107d3e908 > , < Element 'year' at 0x107d3e548 > , < Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d3ec78 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3e638 > , < Element 'rank' at 0x107d3ed18 > , < Element 'year' at 0x107d3ea48 > , < Element 'gdppc' at 0x107d3e368 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3e9a8 > , < Element 'neighbor' at 0x107d3eb88 > ]

Python

# 选中当前元素下的所有的rank In [54]: root.findall('.//rank') Out[54]: [<Element 'rank' at 0x107d76818>, <Element 'rank' at 0x107d3e908>, <Element 'rank' at 0x107d3ed18>]

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# 选中当前元素下的所有的rank In [ 54 ] : root . findall ( './/rank' ) Out [ 54 ] : [ < Element 'rank' at 0x107d76818 > , < Element 'rank' at 0x107d3e908 > , < Element 'rank' at 0x107d3ed18 > ]

Python

# 选择country 包含name的属性 In [58]: root.findall('country[@name]') Out[58]: [<Element 'country' at 0x107d76778>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8>]

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# 选择country 包含name的属性   In [ 58 ] : root . findall ( 'country[@name]' ) Out [ 58 ] : [ < Element 'country' at 0x107d76778 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8 > ]

Python

# 选择country 包含name的属性是"Liechtenstein"的节点 In [59]: root.findall('country[@name="Liechtenstein"]') Out[59]: [<Element 'country' at 0x107d76778>]

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# 选择country 包含name的属性是"Liechtenstein"的节点     In [ 59 ] : root . findall ( 'country[@name="Liechtenstein"]' ) Out [ 59 ] : [ < Element 'country' at 0x107d76778 > ]

Python

# 选择country 必须包含 rank 节点 In [60]: root.findall('country[rank]') Out[60]: [<Element 'country' at 0x107d76778>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188>, <Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8>]

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# 选择country 必须包含 rank 节点   In [ 60 ] : root . findall ( 'country[rank]' ) Out [ 60 ] : [ < Element 'country' at 0x107d76778 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188 > , < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e0e8 > ]

Python

# 选择country 必须包含 rank 节点 而且节点的值必须是4 In [63]: root.findall('country[rank="4"]') Out[63]: [<Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188>]

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# 选择country 必须包含 rank 节点 而且节点的值必须是4   In [ 63 ] : root . findall ( 'country[rank="4"]' ) Out [ 63 ] : [ < Element 'country' at 0x107d3e188 > ]

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