Swift --- 指针

• Swift中也有专门的指针类型，这些都被定性为“Unsafe”（不安全的），常见的有以下4种类型：

1. UnsafePointer 类似于 const Pointee *
2. UnsafeMutablePointer 类似于 Pointee *
3. UnsafeRawPointer 类似于 const void *
4. UnsafeMutableRawPointer 类似于 void *

var age = 10
func test1(_ ptr: UnsafeMutablePointer<Int>) {
    ptr.pointee += 10
}
func test2(_ ptr: UnsafePointer<Int>) {
    print(ptr.pointee)
}
test1(&age)
test2(&age) // 20
pinrt(age) // 20

var age = 10
func test3(_ ptr: UnsafeMutableRawPointer) {
    ptr.storeBytes(of: 20, as: Int.self)
}
func test4(_ ptr: UnsafeRawPointer) {
    print(ptr.load(as: Int.self))
}
test3(&age)
test4(&age) // 20
print(age) // 20

指针的应用实例：

var arr = NSArray(objects: 11, 22, 33, 44)
arr.enumerateObjects { (obj, idx, stop) in
    print(idx, obj)
    if idx == 2 { // 下标为2就停止遍历
        stop.pointee = true
    }
}

var arr = NSArray(objects: 11, 22, 33, 44)
for (idx, obj) in arr.enumerated () {
    print(idx, obj)
    if idx == 2 { // 下标为2就停止遍历
        break
    }
}

获得某个变量的指针：

var age = 11
var ptr1 = withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &age) { $0 }
var ptr2 = withUnsafePointer(to: &age) { $0 }
ptr1.pointee = 22
print(ptr2.pointee) // 22
print(age) // 22

var ptr3 = withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &age) { UnsafeMutableRawPointer($0) }
var ptr4 = withUnsafePointer(to: &age) { UnsafeRawPointer($0) }
ptr3.storeBytes(of: 33, as: Int.self)
print(ptr4.load(as: Int.self)) // 33
print(age) // 33

获得指向堆空间实例的指针：

class Person {}
var person = Person()
var ptr = withUnsafePointer(to: &person) { UnsafeRawPointer($0) }
var heapPtr = UnsafeRawPointer(bitPattern: ptr.load(as: UInt.self))
print(heapPtr!)

创建指针：

var ptr = UnsafeRawPointer(bitPattern: 0x100001234)

// 创建
var ptr = malloc(16)
// 存
ptr?.storeBytes(of: 11, as: Int.self)
ptr?.storeBytes(of: 22, toByteOffset: 8, as: Int.self)
// 取
print((ptr?.load(as: Int.self))!) // 11
print((ptr?.load(fromBytesOffset: 8, as: Int.self))!) // 22
// 销毁
free(ptr)

var ptr = UnsafeMutableRawPointer.allocate(byteCount: 16, alignment: 1)
ptr.storeBytes(of: 11, as: Int.self)
ptr.advanced(by: 8).storeBytes(of: 22, as: Int.self)
print(ptr.load(as: Int.self)) // 11
print(ptr.advanced(by: 8).load(as: Int.self)) // 22
ptr.deallocate()

var ptr = UnsafeMutablePointer<Int>.allocate(capacity: 3)
ptr.initialize(to 11)
ptr.successor().initialize(to: 22)
ptr.successor().successor().initialize(to: 33)

print(ptr.pointee) // 11
print((ptr + 1).pointee) // 22
print((ptr + 2).pointee) // 33

print(ptr[0]) // 11
print(ptr[1]) // 22
print(ptr[2]) // 33

ptr.deinitialize(count: 3)
ptr.deallocate()

指针之间的切换：

var ptr = UnsafeMutableRawPointer.allocate(byteCount: 16, alignment: 1)
ptr.assumingMemoryBound(to: Int.self).pointee = 11
(ptr + 8).assumingMemoryBound(to: Double.self).pointee = 22.0
print(unsafeBitCast(ptr, to: UnsafePointer<Int>.self).pointee) // 11
print(unsafeBitCase(ptr + 8, to: UnsafePointer<Double>.self).pointee) // 22.0
ptr.deallocate()

• unsafeBitCast是忽略数据类型的强制转换，不会因为数据类型的改变而改变原来的内存数据
• 类似于C++中的reinterpret_cast

class Person {}
var person = Person()
var ptr = unsafeBitCast(person, to: UnsaeRawPointer.self)
print(ptr)