Swift中的指针简单用法

Swift中指针分为两类：

• typed pointer：指定数据类型指针，UnsafePointer<T>，T表示泛型。
• raw pointer：未指定数据类型指针（原生指针），UnsafeRawPointer

Swift 中的指针和 OC 中指针的对应关系如下：

 UnsafePointer:  可以通过ptr.pointee获取value, 但是无法修改指针的值

UnsafeMutablePointer : 可以通过ptr.pointee修改和获取value

var age : Int = 10
func test1(ptr : UnsafePointer<Int>) {
    let value = ptr.pointee // UnsafePointer只能获取，不能修改
    print(value)
}

func test2(ptr : UnsafeMutablePointer<Int>) {
    ptr.pointee += 1 // 修改，UnsafeMutablePointer 可修改，可获取
    print(ptr.pointee) // 获取
}

UnsafeRawPointer : 可以通过load来获取值, 需要指定获取值的类型, 不可以修改值

UnsafeMutableRawPointer : 可以通过load来获取值,  通过storeBytes来设置值, 都需要指定类型

var age : Int = 10
func test3(ptr : UnsafeRawPointer) {
    let value : Int = ptr.load(as: Int.self) // 获取
    print(value)
}

func test4(ptr : UnsafeMutableRawPointer) {
    ptr.storeBytes(of: 20, as: Int.self) // 修改
    let value : Int = ptr.load(as: Int.self) // 获取
    print(value)
}

指针的使用例子🌰

定义一个OC的数组，利用提供的enumerateObjects进行遍历。block里面的三个参数，第一个代表元素、第二个是索引，第三个就是指针了，这第三个指针就是OC中的BOOL *stop，因此在swift中的写法就是：

var arr = NSArray(objects: 11, 22, 33, 44)
arr.enumerateObjects { (<#Any#>, <#Int#>, <#UnsafeMutablePointer<ObjCBool>#>) in
    
}

arr.enumerateObjects { (element, index, stop) in
    print(index,element)
    if index == 2 {
        stop.pointee = true //等同于OC中 *stop = YES
    }
}

---

获得某个变量的指针

var age = 10

var ptr = withUnsafePointer(to: &age) { $0 }
print(ptr.pointee) // 10

var ptr2 = withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &age) { $0 }
ptr2.pointee = 30
print(age) // 30

var ptr3 = withUnsafePointer(to: &age) { (p) -> UnsafePointer<Int> in
    return p
}
print(ptr3.pointee) // 30

var ptr4 = withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &age) { (p) -> UnsafeMutablePointer<Int> in
    return p
}
ptr4.pointee = 50
print(age) // 50

var ptr5 = withUnsafePointer(to: &age) { UnsafeRawPointer($0) }
print(ptr5.load(as: Int.self)) // 50

var ptr6 = withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &age) { UnsafeMutableRawPointer($0) }
ptr6.storeBytes(of: 100, as: Int.self)
print(age) // 100

---

获得指向堆空间实例的指针

class Person {}

var person = Person()

var ptr = withUnsafePointer(to: &person) { UnsafeRawPointer($0) }
var address = ptr.load(as: UInt.self) // person 地址值
var ptr2 = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(bitPattern: address) // 指向堆空间的地址值
print(ptr2!) // 0x0000000100669c10

print(Mems.ptr(ofRef: person)) // 0x0000000100669c10