Shapefile is an Esri vector data storage format for storing the location, shape, and attributes of geographic features. An ESRI shapefile consists of a main file, an index file, and a dBASE table. The main file is a direct access, variable-record-length file in which each record describes a shape with a list of its vertices. In the index file, each record contains the offset of the corresponding main file record from the beginning of the main file. The dBASE table contains feature attributes with one record per feature. The one-to-one relationship between geometry and attributes is based on record number. Attribute records in the dBASE file must be in the same order as records in the main file (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Copyright © 1997, 1998).
Image source: The ESRI Shapefile Model | The Geography of Transport Systems
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