C++ Primer Plus 学习笔记 第十一章 使用类 运算符重载 友元函数

运算符重载的限制：

限制这么多 人生还有什么意义= =python倒是可以把+变- -变*之类的

示例代码：

mytime2.h

#ifndef MYTIME2_H_
#define MYTIME2_H_

class Time
{
  private:
    int hours;
    int minutes;
  public:
    Time();
    Time(int h, int m = 0);
    void AddMin(int m);
    void AddHr(int h);
    void Reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);
    Time operator+ (const Time & t) const;
    Time operator- (const Time & t) const;
    Time operator* (double n) const;
    void Show() const;
};

#endif

mytime2.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "mytime2.h"

Time::Time()
{
  hours = minutes = 0;  
}

Time::Time(int h, int m)
{
  hours = h;
  minutes = m;
}

void Time::AddMin(int m)
{
  minutes = m;
  hours += minutes / 60;
  minutes %= 60;
}

void Time::AddHr(int h)
{
  hours += h;
}

void Time::Reset(int h, int m)
{
  hours = h;
  minutes = m;
}

Time Time::operator+ (const Time & t) const
{
  Time sum;
  sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes;
  sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60;
  sum.minutes %= 60;
  return sum;
}

Time Time::operator- (const Time & t) const
{
  Time diff;
  int tot1, tot2;
  tot1 = t.minutes + 60 * t.hours;
  tot2 = minutes + 60 * hours;
  diff.minutes = (tot2 -tot1 ) % 60;
  diff.hours = (tot2 - tot1) / 60;
  return diff;
}

Time Time::operator* (double mult) const
{
  Time result;
  long totalminutes = hours * mult * 60 + minutes * mult;
  result.hours = totalminutes / 60;
  result.minutes = totalminutes % 60;
  return result;
}

void Time::Show() const
{
  std::cout << hours << " hours, " << minutes << " minutes";
}

usetime2.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "mytime2.h"

int main()
{
  using std::cout;
  using std::endl;
  Time weeding(4, 35);
  Time waxing(2, 47);
  Time total;
  Time diff;
  Time adjusted;

  cout << "weeding time = ";
  weeding.Show();
  cout << endl;

  cout << "waxing time = ";
  waxing.Show();
  cout << endl;

 cout << "total work time = ";
  total = weeding + waxing;
  total.Show();
  cout << endl;

  diff = weeding - waxing;
  cout << "weeding time - waxing time = ";
  diff.Show();
  cout << endl;

  adjusted = total * 1.5;
  cout << "adjusted work time = ";
  adjusted.Show();
  cout << endl;

  return 0;
}

友元（有缘= =）

 

友元函数

友元类

友元成员函数

 

处理外部函数调用类私有函数或对象 

比如 Time * 1.5 改成 1.5 * Time

一般情况 Time::Time operator* (double n)  const

这样的话就没办法适用1.5 * Time

 

所以需要友元函数来跟Time对象做做关系，让外部函数能够访问Time对象的成员函数或对象

 

  关于<< 的重载

这种方法只能适用于简单的 cout << time;

但是如果碰到 cout << "abc" << time 就没用了

那咋办捏 

这样写：

ostream & operator<< (ostream & os, Time & t)

{

.......

  return os;

}