简述
soc内部管脚众多,而多数管脚又可以配置成不同的功能,我们称之为管脚复用;Linux引入pinctrl子系统,是为了统一各芯片厂商对这些管脚的管理跟配置。
通过调整pinctrl寄存器,我们可以配置一个或一组管教,配置项包括function、上拉下拉、驱动强度等,下面仅从使用者的角度介绍pinctrl在实践中的应用。
应用实例
1.管脚定义
以高通平台为例,在dts文件夹中我们会找到名为pinctrl的dtsi,里面配置了几乎所有用到的管脚,个别里面没有配置的管脚默认用作gpio,以下面一组管脚为例
/* interrupt active */
pmx_ts_int_active {
ts_int_active: ts_int_active {
mux {
pins = "gpio65";
function = "gpio";
};
config {
pins = "gpio65";
drive-strength = <8>;
bias-pull-up;
};
};
};
/* interrupt suspend */
pmx_ts_int_suspend {
ts_int_suspend: ts_int_suspend {
mux {
pins = "gpio65";
function = "gpio";
};
config {
pins = "gpio65";
drive-strength = <2>;
bias-pull-down;
};
};
};
里面定义了一个管脚的两种状态,分别是active状态管脚gpio65,function gpio内置上拉,强度为8;suspend状态管脚gpio65,function gpio内置下拉,强度为2;
2.pinctrl state定义
为设备添加自己的管脚定义,这个过程我们称之为pinctrl state定义;
pinctrl-names = "cyttsp_ts_active",
"cyttsp_ts_suspend","cyttsp_ts_release";
pinctrl-0 = <&ts_int_active &ts_reset_active>;
pinctrl-1 = <&ts_int_suspend &ts_reset_suspend>;
pinctrl-2 = <&ts_release>;
在dts中某个设备的节点中添加如上引用,三个pinctrl name分别对应下面三个pinctrl-x,每个pinctrl-x我们称之为一个pinctrl state,后续我们将在代码中通过name来找到相应的pinctrl state;
每组pinctrl state可以引用多个管脚定义。
3.pinctrl state切换
在完成管脚定义及pinctrl state定义之后,我们将在代码中获取pinctrl state,并使用他们;
#define PINCTRL_STATE_ACTIVE "cyttsp_ts_active"
#define PINCTRL_STATE_SUSPEND "cyttsp_ts_suspend"
#define PINCTRL_STATE_RELEASE "cyttsp_ts_release"
struct pinctrl *ts_pinctrl;
struct pinctrl_state *pinctrl_state;
/* get pinctrl handle */
ts_pinctrl = devm_pinctrl_get(dev);
if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(ts_pinctrl)) {
rc = PTR_ERR(ts_pinctrl);
dev_err(dev, "%s: Target does not use pinctrl %d\n", __func__, rc);
return rc;
}
/* find pinctrl state by name */
pinctrl_state = pinctrl_lookup_state(ts_pinctrl, PINCTRL_STATE_ACTIVE);
if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(pinctrl_state)) {
rc = PTR_ERR(pinctrl_state);
dev_err(dev, "%s: Can not lookup cyttsp_ts_active pinstate %d\n", __func__, rc);
return rc;
}
/* select the pinctrl state */
rc = pinctrl_select_state(ts_pinctrl, pinctrl_state);
if (rc < 0)
dev_err(dev, "%s: Cannot get active pinctrl state\n", __func__);
1.获取pinctrl handler,每个设备都会有自己的pinctrl handler,如果没有,调用接口时将为它创建一个
源码参考/kernel/msm-3.18/drivers/pinctrl/core.c create_pinctrl();
2.得到pinctrl handler后,我们通过dts里配置的pinctrl-name,找到相应的pinctrl state;
示例中找的是cyttsp_ts_active,对应dts里的state为pinctrl-0,该state包含两个管脚定义,分别是ts_int_active,ts_reset_active,具体定义到pinctrl dtsi里面查看;
3.找到相应的pinctrl state,只需调用pinctrl接口切换至该state即可,相应管脚即可切换为pinctrl dtsi中定义的状态;
示例中将切换至ts_int_active状态,相应的管脚gpio65将被配置为gpio,内置上拉,强度为8,其他管脚同理。
补充说明
在驱动跟设备成功匹配后,驱动探测时将获取该设备名为default的pinctrl state,并切换至该state,这个过程中就会调用devm_pinctrl_get,获取或创建pinctrl handler;
若相应dts节点没有定义名为default的pinctrl state,则输出日志后返回,执行driver probe;
具体源码请参考/kernel/msm-3.18/drivers/base/dd.c really_probe()