IntelliJ IDEA使用Maven创建SpringMVC项目-HelloWorld

我的IntelliJ IDEA是最新版（2020.2）旗舰版，好像无法直接创建Spring MVC项目，折腾好久也没找到解决办法，但是可以通过Maven引入Spring MVC。

项目地址

https://github.com/Arithmeticjia/hellospringmvc

整体目录结构

创建新项目

这里选择webapp

写好项目名后，你可以指定你的maven仓库地址和配置文件

添加Maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>hellospringmvc</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>hellospringmvc Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
    <!--spring 版本号-->
    <spring.version>5.1.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>hellospringmvc</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

右击main，新建java目录，标记为source root

 

添加Spring MVC框架

然后右击项目名，添加Spring MVC框架

勾选Spring和Spring MVC，选择Maven里下好的包

如果你不通过Maven下载依赖直接添加spring mvc，那就只能直接下载，会报错。

如果在Add framework support中找不到Spring，那是因为项目中可能已经存在Spring相关文件，但不一定是完善的。因此我们要将已经存在的Spring给删掉，重新添加，方法如下：

点击File，选择Project Structure，（快捷键ctrl+shift+alt+s）选择Facets，就会看到有一个Spring啦，右击它，点删除就行啦，然后再回到上面重新Add framework support，Spring就会出现啦。

添加完成后，WEB-INF下会出现两个新的文件applicationContext.xml和dispatcher-servlet.xml

配置web.xml文件

把<url-pattern>元素的值改为 / ，表示要拦截所有的请求，并交由Spring MVC的后台控制器来处理，改完之后：

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

配置dispatcher-servlet.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="simpleUrlHandlerMapping"
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        <property name="mappings">
            <props>
                <!-- /hello 路径的请求交给 id 为 helloController 的控制器处理-->
                <prop key="/hello">helloController</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="helloController" class="controller.HelloController"></bean>
</beans>

编写控制层

在刚刚新建的java目录下新建controller包（package），然后新建HelloController.java

package controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class HelloController implements Controller {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index.jsp");
        mav.addObject("message", "Hello Spring MVC");
        return mav;
    }
}

编辑index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
         pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<h1>${message}</h1>
</body>
</html>

添加Tomcat服务器

左上角编辑配置，下面是我的配置，仅供参考

url随便写，也可以端口后面啥也不加

测试

启动Tomcat，访问http://localhost:8080/hellospringmvc/hello