referrence:
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Argument-Prescan.html#Argument-Prescan
Procedure
macro_expand (MACRO(ARGV))
/* 带参宏扩展过程,宏为MACRO, 参数为ARGV */
{
/* 如果宏本身的定义为含有#, ##的宏,那么直接把参数ARGV当成字符串,代入宏,得到结果,退出 */
if ((MACRO contain "#") || (MACRO contain "##"))
{
stringified ARGV || ARGV pasted with other tokens
}
/* 如果宏不含#,##, 并且宏的参数ARGV本身也是个宏,那么先将宏参数扩展,宏本身不做任何改变,参数先不要代入 */
else if ( ARGV is still an macro, which ARGV == NEW_MACRO (NEW_ARGV))
{
/*
that is to say macro_expand (ARGV)
ARGV == NEW_MACRO (NEW_ARGV)
递归这个过程
*/
MACRO ( macro_expand (NEW_MACRO(NEW_ARGV)) )
}
/* 宏的参数为普通参数,不是一个宏,代入之,得到结果,从内往外代入,逐层得到结果。*/
else /* ARGV is a plain argument */
{
expand the MACRO with argument ARGV
}
}
three examples
First example:
#define AFTERX(x) X_ ## x
#define XAFTERX(x) AFTERX(x)
#define TABLESIZE 1024
#define BUFSIZE TABLESIZE
then AFTERX(BUFSIZE) expands to X_BUFSIZE,
and XAFTERX(BUFSIZE) expands to X_1024.
(Not to X_TABLESIZE. Prescan always does a complete expansion.)
Second example:
If you want to stringify the result of expansion of a macro argument, you have to use two levels of macros.
#define xstr(s) str(s)
#define str(s) #s
#define foo 4
str (foo)
==> "foo"
xstr (foo)
==> xstr (4)
==> str (4)
==> "4"
s is stringified when it is used in str, so it is not macro-expanded first.
But s is an ordinary argument to xstr, so it is completely macro-expanded before xstr itself is expanded (see Argument Prescan).
Therefore, by the time str gets to its argument, it has already been macro-expanded.
Third example:
#define a(x) b(x) + 1
#define b(x) c(x)
#define c(x) #x
#define TABLE SIZE + 2
#define SIZE 5
/* right */
a(TABLE)
==> a(SIZE + 2)
==> a(5 + 2)
==> b(5 + 2) + 1
==> c(5 + 2) + 1
==> "5 + 2" + 1
/* wrong */
a(TABLE)
==> b(TABLE) + 1
==> c(TABLE) + 1
==> "TABLE" + 1
本例为本人原创,已经通过代码测试。
主要表明,是先进行参数扩展,然后才进行参数替换,而不是先宏扩展,再参数替换。
测试代码参见我空间的代码。