python函数学习（更新）

python学习中的小知识点随笔记

• python 的range函数示例

print (list(range(6)))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print (list(range(1,6)))
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print (list(range(1,6,3)))
[1, 4]
>>> print (list(range(1,6,30)))
[1]

• numpy中的arange()函数示例

import numpy as np
print (np.arange(6))
[0 1 2 3 4 5]

• numpy中的choice()函数文档

Help on built-in function choice:

choice(...) method of mtrand.RandomState instance
    choice(a, size=None, replace=True, p=None)
    
    Generates a random sample from a given 1-D array
    
            .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
    
    Parameters
    -----------
    a : 1-D array-like or int
        If an ndarray, a random sample is generated from its elements.
        If an int, the random sample is generated as if a were np.arange(a)
    size : int or tuple of ints, optional
        Output shape.  If the given shape is, e.g., ``(m, n, k)``, then
        ``m * n * k`` samples are drawn.  Default is None, in which case a
        single value is returned.
    replace : boolean, optional
        Whether the sample is with or without replacement
    p : 1-D array-like, optional
        The probabilities associated with each entry in a.
        If not given the sample assumes a uniform distribution over all
        entries in a.
    
    Returns
    --------
    samples : single item or ndarray
        The generated random samples
    
    Raises
    -------
    ValueError
        If a is an int and less than zero, if a or p are not 1-dimensional,
        if a is an array-like of size 0, if p is not a vector of
        probabilities, if a and p have different lengths, or if
        replace=False and the sample size is greater than the population
        size
    
    See Also
    ---------
    randint, shuffle, permutation
    
    Examples
    ---------
    Generate a uniform random sample from np.arange(5) of size 3:
    
    >>> np.random.choice(5</