linux文件系统ext2\ext3\ext4\xfs详解

1.ext2

介绍:

 第二代扩展文件系统,是 Linux 内核使用的一种以 inode 为基础的一种文件系统,用以代替ext,是 EXT文件系统的升级版,

特点:

在ext2文件系统中,文件由inode(包含有文件的所有信息)进行唯一标识。一个文件可能对应多个文件名,只有在所有文件名都被删除后,该文件才会被删除。此外,同一文件在磁盘中存放和被打开时所对应的inode是不同的,并由内核负责同步。

2.ext3

介绍:

EXT3是第三代扩展文件系统(Third extended filesystem,缩写为ext3),是 EXT2文件系统的升级版,最大的区别是带有日志功能,以在系统突然崩溃时提高文件系统的可靠性,常用于Linux操作系统。

特点:

(1)最多只能支持32TB的文件系统和2TB的文件,实际只能容纳2TB的文件系统和16GB的文件
(2)Ext3目前只支持32000个子目录
(3)Ext3文件系统使用32位空间记录块数量和i-节点数量
(4)当数据写入到Ext3文件系统中时,Ext3的数据块分配器每次只能分配一个4KB的块

3.ext4

介绍:

EXT4是 EXT3文件系统的升级版,EXT4在性能、伸缩性、可靠性上进行了大量的改进。它向下兼容 EXT3,最大支持 1EB(1024 * 1024TB) 的分区和 16TB 文件,更快,更安全。

特点:

(1)Ext4的文件系统容量达到1EB,而文件容量则达到16TB
(2)理论上支持无限数量的子目录
(3)Ext4文件系统使用64位空间记录块数量和i-节点数量
(4)Ext4的多块分配器支持一次调用分配多个数据块

4.xfs

介绍:

XFS 是一种高性能的日志文件系统 ,Centos 7 默认使用的就是 XFS 文件系统

特点:

(1)根据所记录的日志在很短的时间内迅速恢复磁盘文件内容
(2)采用优化算法,日志记录对整体文件操作影响非常小
(3)是一个全64-bit的文件系统,它可以支持上百万T字节的存储空间
(4)存储数据I/O效率性能高

可以读写Ext2,以Ext2方式挂载Ext3文件系统(不支持Ext3日志),不支持中文! It provides Windows NT4.0/2000/XP/2003/Vista/2008 with full access to Linux Ext2 volumes (read access andwrite access). This may be useful if you have installed both Windows and Linux as a dual boot environment on your computer. What features are supported? Complete reading and writing access to files and directories of volumes with theExt2 orExt3 file system. Supports features which are specific to the I/O-system of Windows: Byte Range Locks, Directory Notfication (so the Explorer updates the view of a directory on changes within that directory), Oplocks (so SMB clients are able to cache the content of files). Allows Windows to run with paging files on Ext2 volumes. UTF-8 encoded file names are supported. The driver treats files with file names that start with a dot "." character ashidden. Supports GPT disks if the Windows version used also does. Supports use of the Windows mountvol utility to create or delete drive letters for Ext2 volumes (except on Windows NT 4.0). See also section"Can drive letters also be configured from scripts?". What features are *not* supported? Inodes that are larger than 128 bytes are not supported. Access rights are not maintained. All users can access all the directories and files of an Ext2 volume. If a new file or directory is created, it inherits all the permissions, the GID and the UID from the directory where it has been created. There is one exception to this rule: a file (but not a directory) the driver has created always has cleared "x" permissions, it inherits the "r" and the "w" permissions only. See also section"What limitations arise from not maintaining access rights?". The driver does not allow accessing special files at Ext2 volumes, the access will be always denied. (Special files are sockets, soft links, block devices, character devices and pipes.) Alternate 8.3-DOS names are not supported (just because there is no place to store them in an Ext2 file system). This can prevent legacy DOS applications, executed by the NTVDM of Windows, from accessing some files or directories. Currently the driver does not implement defragging support. So defragmentation applications will neither show fragmentation information nor defragment any Ext2 volume. This software does not achieve booting a Windows operating system from an Ext2 volume. LVM volumes are not supported, so it is not possible to access them.
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