Android 开发（12）多媒体应用开发

音频播放

一、MediaPlayer实现简易的音乐播放器

1、需要注意的点

• 访问 sd 卡的权限要开启
• 点击停止按钮后的状态的重置
• 资源的释放

2、代码实现

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
    private boolean isPaused = true;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        final ImageButton play = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.play);
        ImageButton stop = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.stop);
        final File file = new File("/sdcard/chen.mp3");
        if (file != null) {
            mediaPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(this, Uri.parse(file.getAbsolutePath()));
        }
        play.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (isPaused) {
                    mediaPlayer.start();
                    ((ImageButton) v).setImageResource(R.drawable.pause);
                    isPaused = false;
                } else {
                    mediaPlayer.pause();
                    ((ImageButton) v).setImageResource(R.drawable.play);
                    isPaused = true;
                }
            }
        });
        stop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mediaPlayer.stop();
                play.setImageResource(R.drawable.play);
                isPaused = true;
            }
        });
        mediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
                mediaPlayer.reset();
                try {
                    mediaPlayer.setDataSource(file.getAbsolutePath());
                    mediaPlayer.prepare();
                    mediaPlayer.start();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
            mediaPlayer.stop();
        }
        mediaPlayer.release();
    }
}

二、SoundPool实现手机铃声选择界面

1、MediaPlayer 和 SoundPool 比较

• soundpool的缺点在于只适合播放比较短促的音频
  

1、关键点

• listView 实现列表界面
• AudioAttrubutes 和 SoundPool 设置相关属性
• HashMap 保存音频文件

2、代码实现

• 使用 SoundPool 一定是先 load 后 play

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ListView listView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv1);
        //soundpool set
        AudioAttributes attributes = new AudioAttributes.Builder()
                .setUsage(AudioAttributes.USAGE_MEDIA)
                .setContentType(AudioAttributes.CONTENT_TYPE_MUSIC)
                .build();
        final SoundPool soundPool = new SoundPool.Builder()
                .setAudioAttributes(attributes)
                .setMaxStreams(10)
                .build();
        //put audio into map
        final HashMap<Integer, Integer> audioMap = new HashMap<>();
        audioMap.put(0, soundPool.load(this, R.raw.cuckoo, 1));
        audioMap.put(1, soundPool.load(this, R.raw.chimes, 1));
        audioMap.put(2, soundPool.load(this, R.raw.notify, 1));
        audioMap.put(3, soundPool.load(this, R.raw.ringout, 1));
        audioMap.put(4, soundPool.load(this, R.raw.bird, 1));
        audioMap.put(5, soundPool.load(this, R.raw.water, 1));
        audioMap.put(6, soundPool.load(this, R.raw.cock, 1));
        //add listener to listview
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                soundPool.play(audioMap.get(position), 1, 1, 0, 0, 1);
            }
        });
    }
}

---

视频播放

一、使用VideoView播放视频

• 使用 MediaController 添加一个播放控制条

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private VideoView videoView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        videoView = (VideoView) findViewById(R.id.video);
        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/video.mp4");
        if (file.exists()) {
            videoView.setVideoPath(file.getAbsolutePath());
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "video is not exist", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }
        MediaController controller = new MediaController(this);
        videoView.setMediaController(controller);
        videoView.requestFocus();
        videoView.start();
        videoView.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "video play complete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
}

二、使用MediaPlayer+SurfaceView播放视频

1、基本思路

2、代码实现

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ImageButton play, pause, stop;
    private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
    private SurfaceView surfaceView;
    private SurfaceHolder videoHolder;
    private boolean noPlay = true;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        play = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.btn_play);
        pause = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.btn_pause);
        stop = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);
        surfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.video_display);
        videoHolder = surfaceView.getHolder();
        mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();


        play.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (noPlay) {
                    play();
                    noPlay = false;
                } else {
                    mediaPlayer.start();
                }
            }
        });
        pause.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (!noPlay) {
                    mediaPlayer.pause();
                }
            }
        });
        stop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (!noPlay) {
                    mediaPlayer.stop();
                    noPlay = true;
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void play() {
        mediaPlayer.reset();
        try {
            mediaPlayer.setDataSource(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/video.mp4");
            mediaPlayer.setDisplay(videoHolder);
            mediaPlayer.prepare();
            mediaPlayer.start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mediaPlayer != null) {
            if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
                mediaPlayer.stop();
            }
            mediaPlayer.release();
        }
    }
}

• 布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <SurfaceView
        android:id="@+id/video_display"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#000"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <ImageButton
            android:id="@+id/btn_play"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="#00000000"
            android:src="@drawable/btn_play" />

        <ImageButton
            android:id="@+id/btn_pause"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="#00000000"
            android:src="@drawable/btn_pause" />

        <ImageButton
            android:id="@+id/btn_stop"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="#00000000"
            android:src="@drawable/btn_stop" />

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

---

使用摄像头

一、拍照

• 通过takePicture里面的回调来保存图片，需要通知图库更新
• 保存图片到存储设备，需要先检查是否挂载 sd 卡
  

关键代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ImageButton preview, takePhoto;
    private SurfaceView surfaceView;
    private boolean isPreview = false;
    private Camera camera;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,
                WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
        //check sdcard is mounted
        if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "sdcard is not mounted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
        preview = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.preview);
        takePhoto = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.takePhoto);
        surfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);
        final SurfaceHolder sh = surfaceView.getHolder();
        sh.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
        camera = Camera.open();
        preview.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                try {
                    camera.setPreviewDisplay(sh);
                    Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();
                    parameters.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG);
                    parameters.setJpegQuality(100);
                    camera.setParameters(parameters);
                    camera.startPreview();
                    camera.autoFocus(null);
                    isPreview = true;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (camera != null) {
                    camera.takePicture(null, null, pictureCallback);
                }
            }
        });

    }

    final Camera.PictureCallback pictureCallback = new Camera.PictureCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
            camera.stopPreview();
            isPreview = false;
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length);
            File cameraDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "/DCIM/Camera");
            if (!cameraDir.exists()) {
                cameraDir.mkdirs();
            }
            String fileName = System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg";
            File file = new File(cameraDir, fileName);
            try {
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
                bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, fos);
                fos.flush();
                fos.close();
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //将照片插入到系统图库
            try {
                MediaStore.Images.Media.insertImage(MainActivity.this.getContentResolver(),
                        file.getAbsolutePath(), fileName, null);
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            // 最后通知图库更新
            MainActivity.this.sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE,
                    Uri.parse("file://" + "")));
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "照片保存至：" + file, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            resetCamera(); //调用重新预览resetCamera()方法
        }
    };

    private void resetCamera() {
        if (!isPreview) {
            camera.startPreview();
            isPreview = true;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        if (camera != null) {
            camera.stopPreview();
            ;
            camera.release();
        }
    }
}

二、视频录制