如何解决R语言中The following objects are masked from litter (pos = 3): dose, gesttime, number, weight

最近在看《R语言实战》看到第九章，运行代码清单9-3的时候，运行结果和书上不同，并且报错

 图1 书上的原文

 图2 运行结果1

图3 运行结果2 

> aggregate(weight, by=list(dose), FUN=mean)
Error in aggregate.data.frame(as.data.frame(x), ...) : 参数的长度必需一样
> fit <- aov(weight ~ gesttime + dose)
Error in model.frame.default(formula = weight ~ gesttime + dose, drop.unused.levels = TRUE) : 
  变数的长度不一样('dose')
> 
> library(effects)
lattice theme set by effectsTheme()
See ?effectsTheme for details.
> effect("dose", fit)
NOTE: dose does not appear in the model
Error in Analyze.model(focal.predictors, mod, xlevels, default.levels,  : 
  the following predictor is not in the model: dose
------
NOTE: dose does not appear in the model
Error in model.frame.default(weight ~ litter$gesttime + litter$dose +  : 
  参数'litter'的种类(list)不对
In addition: Warning message:
Using `$` in model formulas can produce unexpected results. Specify
  your model using the `data` argument instead.
  Try: weight ~
  gesttime + dose, data = litter 

 错误提示信息

在网上搜了一下报错的信息，找到了这篇文章

• Reference variables directly (e.g. lm(ds$x ~ ds$y))
  直接使用“$”符号（如果变量名较短，重复次数较少时）
• Specify the dataframe for commands which support this (e.g. lm(y ~ x, data=ds))
  直接说明命令的数据来源，例如： lm(y ~ x, data=ds)
• Use the with() function, which returns the value of whatever expression is evaluated (e.g. with(ds,lm(y ~x)))
  使用with（）函数，它会返回被评估的任何表达式的值，例如with（ds，lm（y~x））

作者：明明就_faf8
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/9fed07a72472
来源：简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

 于是，我把书上要运行的代码改为

data(litter, package = "multcomp")
attach(litter)
table(litter$dose)
aggregate(weight, by = list(litter$dose), FUN = mean)
fit <- aov(weight ~ gesttime + dose, data = litter)
summary(fit)

这样运行的结果就和书上一致了。

分析原因：在其他数据集中出现过dose变量，并且我的工作目录没有该过，所以可能出现了dose指代不明的情况。在dose变量前指明数据集即可。

目前还能遇到这些提示

The following object is masked _by_ .GlobalEnv:

    dose

The following objects are masked from litter (pos = 3):

    dose, gesttime, number, weight

The following objects are masked from litter (pos = 4):

    dose, gesttime, number, weight

The following objects are masked from litter (pos = 5):

    dose, gesttime, number, weight

The following object is masked from ToothGrowth (pos = 6):

    dose

The following object is masked from ToothGrowth (pos = 7):

    dose

另外attach()函数还是不太熟悉。如有更好的办法或者指导，评论区见。