前言
这里我用视图的显示顺序以及打印情况来表示函数调用顺序,即ViewController的生命周期
函数介绍
- viewDidLoad:在视图加载后被调用,如果是在代码中创建的视图加载器,他将会在loadView方法后被调用,如果是从nib视图页面输出,他将会在视图设置好后后被调用。只会被调用一次,之后进入这个ViewController不调用此函数
- loadView:每次访问controller的view(比如controller.view、self.view)且view为nil,loadView方法就会被调用。用于创建Controller的View
- viewWillAppear: 视图将要显示
- viewWillLayoutSubviews: 控制器的view将要布局子控件(在这个方法里,部署需要改变重新刷新view的代码,功能类似view的layoutSubViews()这个方法,需要注意的是,这个方法里一般都需要重置的view的frame,宽度和高度的获取,因此view的frame一般都写在这个方法里)
- viewDidLayoutSubviews: 控制器的view布局子控件完成
- viewDidAppear: 视图已经显示
- viewWillDisappear: 视图将要消失
- viewDidDisappear: 视图已经消失,在Controller被切换时调用,第二个视图出现后第一个视图消失
代码显示
我在调用每个函数都加一个颜色视图和打印一句话,在视图上添加一个按钮用于切换视图
- viewDidLoad 上只添加了一个按钮
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
NSLog(@"viewDidLoad");
UIButton *myButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
[self.view addSubview:myButton];
[myButton setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[myButton setTitle:@"button" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
myButton.frame = CGRectMake([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width / 2, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 4, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width / 5, 50);
[myButton addTarget:self action:@selector(press) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
}
- viewDidAppear 是蓝色视图
- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated {
_blueView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 3, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 1.5)];
[self.view addSubview:_blueView];
_blueView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
NSLog(@"blueViewDidAppear");
}
- viewDidDisappear: 是橙色视图
- (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
_orangeView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 3, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 1.5)];
[self.view addSubview:_orangeView];
_orangeView.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
NSLog(@"orangeViewDidDisappear");
}
- viewWillAppear: 是灰色视图
- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {
_grayView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 3, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 1.5)];
[self.view addSubview:_grayView];
_grayView.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
NSLog(@"grayViewWillAppear");
}
- viewWillDisappear: 是红色视图
- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
_redView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 3, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 1.5)];
[self.view addSubview:_redView];
_redView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
NSLog(@"redViewWillDisappear");
}
- viewDidLayoutSubviews 是黄色视图
- (void)viewDidLayoutSubviews {
_yellowView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 3, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 1.5)];
[self.view addSubview:_yellowView];
_yellowView.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
NSLog(@"yellowViewDidLayoutSubviews");
}
- viewWillLayoutSubviews 是黑色视图
- (void)viewWillLayoutSubviews {
_blackView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 3, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 1.5)];
[self.view addSubview:_blackView];
_blackView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];
NSLog(@"blackViewWillLayoutSubviews");
}
- 按钮事件函数
- (void)press {
NSLog(@"----------------pressButton----------------");
sonViewController *son = [[sonViewController alloc] init];
[self presentViewController:son animated:NO completion:nil];
}
执行出来的效果(不切换界面):
在第二个界面里
设置一个返回按钮,在设置4个函数,用于显示视图2 和视图1 切换时的函数执行情况
- 首先在viewDidLoad 里设置返回按钮
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
UIButton *myButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
[self.view addSubview:myButton];
[myButton setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[myButton setTitle:@"back" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
myButton.frame = CGRectMake([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width / 2, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 2, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width / 5, 50);
[myButton addTarget:self action:@selector(press) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
}
- 4个简单函数
- (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
NSLog(@"view2DidDisappear");
}
- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
NSLog(@"view2WillDisappear");
}
- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated {
NSLog(@"view2DidAppear");
}
- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {
NSLog(@"view2WillAppear");
}
- 按钮点击事件函数
- (void)press {
NSLog(@"----------------pressBack----------------");
[self dismissViewControllerAnimated:NO completion:nil];
}
点击后的情况:
说明在视图2 加载并完全显示出来以后,视图1 才完全消失
点击返回按钮:
GitHub地址: ViewController生命周期
特殊情况
实验室分享时大家提出的疑问:如果函数viewDidLoad 和 loadView里都不写内容,代码如下:
- (void)viewDidLoad {
// [super viewDidLoad];
NSLog(@"viewDidLoad");
}
- (void)loadView {
NSLog(@"loadView");
}
- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {
NSLog(@"viewWillAppear");
}
经Xcode运行,结果如下:
(Xcode版本: 10.14.6)
(之前版本)
为什么会有不一样的结果?为什么会走几遍就不走了?升级后为什么会走viewWillAppear?
经过同学向学长的询问得知,Xcode有自己的防护机制。当程序运行时会先走loadView,然后运行到viewDidLoad时发现self.view为空,再返回loadView(loadView用于加载viewController的view),等再次执行到viewDidLoad时发现还是为空,viewDidLoad就启动防护机制不再让它返回请求。
这套防护机制是在哪里触发的?
我在viewDidLoad里加入调用self.view的语句,即
- (void)viewDidLoad {
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
NSLog(@"viewDidLoad");
}
执行,程序会陷入死循环最后报错。
得知,这套防护机制是存在于viewDidLoad里的,因为加入的语句不断强制调用loadView,使防护机制失效,故陷入死循环