通过反射实现一个Servlet具有多个业务功能

简介:

通常一个Servlet的子类只能有一个Post/Get的方法,这非常的不方便,我们可以通过反射技术来实现业务方法的自动调用.

基本设定

设定请求需要带有method参数,该参数值为需要调用的业务方法.
http://localhost:8080/learn_servlet/UserServlet?method=addUser调用的就是addUser方法.

当需要进行转发或者重定向的时候,我们可以规定业务方法返回一个字符串,通过该字符串进行转发或者重定向.
在url的前面添加 “f” 表示需要转发,如 f:UserServlet?method=delUser.
在url的前面添加 “r” 表示需要重定向:如r:UserServlet?method=delUser.

BaseServer代码:

package com.zgd.learn.servlet.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 定义一个基础Servlet类,该类可以通过客户端发送method字段来确认调用Servlet中的哪个方法. 如果有返回值,还可以进行转发或者重定向
 * 请求地址类似:http://localhost:8080/learn_servlet/UserServlet?method=addUser
 */
public abstract class BaseServlet extends HttpServlet
{
    @Override
    public void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        // 要求客户端发送调用方法名称
        String methodName = req.getParameter("method");
        if (methodName == null || "".equals(methodName.trim()))
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("Please say what method do you need.");
        }

        Class clazz = this.getClass();
        Method method = null;
        try
        {
            method = clazz.getMethod(methodName, HttpServletRequest.class, HttpServletResponse.class);
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException("No such method: " + methodName);
        }
        
        String result = null;
        if (method != null)
        {
            try
            {
                // 使用反射调用方法.
                result = (String) method.invoke(this, req, resp);
            } catch (Exception e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException("The method " + methodName + " has exception.");
            }
        }
        System.out.println(result);
        dealResult(req, resp, result);

    }
    /**
     * 处理返回结果<br>
     * 如果result包含:则默认转发<br>
     * 如果result格式为f:xxx.jsp,<br>
     * 则认为是转发 如果result格式为r:xxx,则认为是重定向<br>
     * 如果其他格式则报错
     */
    private void dealResult(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, String result)
    {
        if (result == null || "".equals(result.trim()))
        {
            return;
        }
        try
        {
            if (result.contains(":"))
            {
                int index = result.indexOf(":");
                String sub = result.substring(0, index);
                String path = result.substring(index + 1);
                if ("f".equals(sub))
                {
                    // f:UserServlet?method=delUser
                    req.getRequestDispatcher(path).forward(req, resp);
                } else if ("r".equals(sub))
                {
                    // r:UserServlet?method=delUser
                    resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath() + path);
                } else
                {
                    throw new RuntimeException("forward or redirect exception.");
                }
            } else
            {
                // UserServlet?method=delUser
                req.getRequestDispatcher(result).forward(req, resp);
            }
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException("Forward Exception.");
        }
    }
}

具体应用举例:

package com.zgd.learn.servlet.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class UserServlet extends BaseServlet
{
    public String addUser(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        System.out.println("addUser()...");
        return "UserServlet?method=delUser";
    }

    public String editUser(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        System.out.println("editUser()...");
        return "r:UserServlet?method=delUser";
    }

    public String delUser(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        System.out.println("delUser()...");
        return null;
    }

    public String showUser(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        System.out.println("showUser()...");
        return "f:UserServlet?method=delUser";
    }
}