Django 通用视图

直接显示模板文件

from django.views.generic.simple import direct_to_template

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^about/$', direct_to_template, {
        'template': 'about.html'
    })
)

创建一个通用视图

抽取出我们代码中共性的东西是一个很好的编程习惯。 比如，像以下的两个Python函数：

def say_hello(person_name):
    print 'Hello, %s' % person_name

def say_goodbye(person_name):
    print 'Goodbye, %s' % person_name

我们可以把问候语提取出来变成一个参数：

def greet(person_name, greeting):
    print '%s, %s' % (greeting, person_name)

通过使用额外的URLconf参数，

在urls.py中添加

url(r'^hello/$',greet,{'person_name':'foo','greeting':hello}),

使用缺省视图参数

另外一个方便的特性是你可以给一个视图指定默认的参数。 这样，当没有给这个参数赋值的时候将会使用默认的值。

例子：

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^blog/$', views.page),
    (r'^blog/page(?P<num>\d+)/$', views.page),
)

# views.py

def page(request, num='1'):
    # Output the appropriate page of blog entries, according to num.
    # ...

从URL中捕获文本

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d{2})/$', views.day_archive),
)

# views.py

import datetime

def day_archive(request, year, month, day):
    # The following statement raises a TypeError!
    date = datetime.date(int(year), int(month), int(day))

优雅的解决方法： 使用一个额外的URLconf参数。 一个URLconf里面的每一个模式可以包含第三个数据：

有了这个概念以后，我们就可以把我们现在的例子改写成这样：

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^foo/$', views.foobar_view, {'template_name': 'template1.html'}),
    (r'^bar/$', views.foobar_view, {'template_name': 'template2.html'}),
)

# views.py

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from mysite.models import MyModel

def foobar_view(request, template_name):
    m_list = MyModel.objects.filter(is_new=True)
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'m_list': m_list})

整合对request.method 的处理

# views.py

from django.http import Http404, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def method_splitter(request, GET=None, POST=None):
    if request.method == 'GET' and GET is not None:
        return GET(request)
    elif request.method == 'POST' and POST is not None:
        return POST(request)
    raise Http404

def some_page_get(request):
    assert request.method == 'GET'
    do_something_for_get()
    return render_to_response('page.html')

def some_page_post(request):
    assert request.method == 'POST'
    do_something_for_post()
    return HttpResponseRedirect('/someurl/')

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ...
    (r'^somepage/$', views.method_splitter, {'GET': views.some_page_get, 'POST': views.some_page_post}),
    # ...
)

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import models, views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^events/$', views.object_list, {'model': models.Event}),
    (r'^blog/entries/$', views.object_list, {'model': models.BlogEntry}),
)

# views.py

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def object_list(request, model):
    obj_list = model.objects.all()
    template_name = 'mysite/%s_list.html' % model.__name__.lower()
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'object_list': obj_list})

包含其他URLconf

如果你试图让你的代码用在多个基于Django的站点上，你应该考虑将你的URLconf以包含的方式来处理。

在任何时候，你的URLconf都可以包含其他URLconf模块。 对于根目录是基于一系列URL的站点来说，这是必要的。 例如下面的，URLconf包含了其他URLConf：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^weblog/', include('mysite.blog.urls')),
    (r'^photos/', include('mysite.photos.urls')),
    (r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about'),
)

继续看这个例子，这里就是被包含的URLconfmysite.blog.urls ：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^(\d\d\d\d)/$', 'mysite.blog.views.year_detail'),
    (r'^(\d\d\d\d)/(\d\d)/$', 'mysite.blog.views.month_detail'),
)

额外的URLconf如何和include()协同工作

相似的，你可以传递额外的URLconf选项到 include() , 就像你可以通过字典传递额外的URLconf选项到普通的视图。 当你这样做的时候，被包含URLconf的 每一 行都会收到那些额外的参数。

比如，下面的两个URLconf在功能上是相等的。

第一个：

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^blog/', include('inner'), {'blogid': 3}),
)

# inner.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^archive/$', 'mysite.views.archive'),
    (r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about'),
    (r'^rss/$', 'mysite.views.rss'),
)

第二个

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^blog/', include('inner')),
)

# inner.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^archive/$', 'mysite.views.archive', {'blogid': 3}),
    (r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about', {'blogid': 3}),
    (r'^rss/$', 'mysite.views.rss', {'blogid': 3}),
)

这个例子和前面关于被捕获的参数一样（在上一节就解释过这一点），额外的选项将总是 被传递到被包含的URLconf中的 每一 行，不管那一行对应的视图是否确实作为有效参数接收这些选项，因此，这个技术只有在你确实需要那个被传递的额外参数的时候才显得有用。

使用列表方式

apress_books = {
    'queryset': Book.objects.filter(publisher__name='Apress Publishing'),
    'template_name': 'books/apress_list.html'
}

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^publishers/$', list_detail.object_list, publisher_info),
    (r'^books/apress/$', list_detail.object_list, apress_books),
)