使用rman duplicate创建物理active standby dataguard

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11g的rman提供duplicate可以快速创建物理dataguard。简单方便，dataguard要求主库和备库的db_name一致，db_unique_name不同，下面是具体步骤

基本环境如下：

主库：
hostname:11g1
ip:192.168.56.35
db_name:squan
sid=squan
db_unique_name=squan
备库：
hostname:11g2
ip:192.168.56.106
db_name:squan
sid=suq

db_unique_name=suq

==============================

一、主库的基本步骤：

1.修改数据库为force logging

2.创建密码文件

3.创建standby logfile，standby logfile的组数比联机日志多一组

4.修改tnsname.ora，添加一个到standby数据库的服务命名

5.修改standby的相关参数

具体操作如下：

1.修改数据库为force logging

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

2.创建密码文件

[oracle@11g1 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwsquan password=manager entries=10

SQL> select * from v$log;

    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES  BLOCKSIZE	  MEMBERS ARC STATUS	       FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
	 1	    1	      47   52428800	   512		1 YES ACTIVE		     1170031 24-MAY-14	    1172488 24-MAY-14
	 2	    1	      48   52428800	   512		1 NO  CURRENT		     1172488 24-MAY-14	 2.8147E+14

3.创建standby logfile

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 3 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/stand_redo03.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/stand_redo04.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/stand_redo05.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

4.修改tnsname.ora
[oracle@11g1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/OraHome/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SQUAN =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = squan)
    )
  )

11g2=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g2)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = suq)
    )
  )

11g1=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = squan)
    )
  )
  
5.修改standby的相关参数  
SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(squan,suq)' scope=both;  --罗列dg中的所有的db_unique_name

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=squan' scope=both;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=11g2 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=suq' scope=both;

System altered.

SQL>  alter system set fal_server=squan scope=both;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set fal_client=suq scope=both;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter db_name                   --如果db_name没有设置，那么需要设置，并且重启数据库生效

NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name 			     string	 squan

二、备库的基本步骤

1.配置静态监听

2.配置密码文件

3.修改参数文件并启动实例到nomount

具体步骤如下：

1.配置静态监听

[oracle@11g2 admin]$ cat listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/OraHome/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )

    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = suq)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204)
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=suq)
    )
  )


LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle

[oracle@11g2 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-5月 -2014 21:32:21

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=11g2)(PORT=1521)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
启动日期                  24-5月 -2014 18:58:46
正常运行时间              0 天 2 小时 33 分 35 秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件          /opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/network/admin/listener.ora
监听程序日志文件          /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/11g2/listener/alert/log.xml
监听端点概要...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=11g2)(PORT=1521)))
服务摘要..
服务 "PLSExtProc" 包含 1 个实例。
  实例 "PLSExtProc", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
服务 "suq" 包含 2 个实例。
  实例 "suq", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
  实例 "suq", 状态 BLOCKED, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
命令执行成功

2.配置密码文件，直接从主库拷贝然后改名
[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ scp 11g1:`pwd`/orapwsquan .
The authenticity of host '11g1 (192.168.56.35)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 73:56:4c:3a:01:3f:50:c8:d8:3a:5d:d5:21:00:6a:fe.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '11g1' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@11g1's password: 
orapwsquan                                                                                                     100% 2560     2.5KB/s   00:00    
[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ mv orapwsquan orapwsuq

<pre name="code" class="sql">3.修改参数文件并启动实例到nomount
[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ cat initsuq.ora 
*.__db_cache_size=314572800
*.__java_pool_size=4194304
*.__large_pool_size=4194304
*.__oracle_base='/opt/oracle' #ORACLE_BASE set from environment
*.__pga_aggregate_target=490733568
*.__sga_target=583008256
*.__shared_io_pool_size=0
*.__shared_pool_size=239075328
*.__streams_pool_size=8388608
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/suq/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/squan/control02.ctl'#Restore Controlfile
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='squan'         #db_name需要和主库一致
*.db_unique_name='suq'    #db_unique_name必须不同
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752
*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/oracle'
*.fal_client='SUQ'
*.fal_server='SQUAN'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(squan,suq)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=suq'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=11g1 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=squan'
*.memory_target=1073741824
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/squan','/opt/oracle/oradata/suq'  #设置数据文件名字转换
*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/squan','/opt/oracle/oradata/suq' #设置日志文件名字转换
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'        #文件自动管理

[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=suq 
[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期六 5月 24 21:30:45 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已连接到空闲例程。

SQL>  startup nomount pfile='initsuq.ora'
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size		    2260088 bytes
Variable Size		  746587016 bytes
Database Buffers	  314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers		    5517312 bytes
SQL> exit

三、使用duplicate创建standby database

在源端rman连接源库和备库，发起duplicate：

[oracle@11g1 admin]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat May 24 21:50:04 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: SQUAN (DBID=3808450041)

RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/manager@11g2

connected to auxiliary database: SQUAN (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;

Starting Duplicate Db at 24-MAY-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   targetfile  '/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/orapwsquan' auxiliary format 
 '/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/orapwsuq'   ;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 24-MAY-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=26 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 24-MAY-14

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/control01.ctl';
   restore clone controlfile to  '/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/squan/control02.ctl' from 
 '/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/snapcf_squan.f tag=TAG20140524T215011 RECID=7 STAMP=848440211
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-14

Starting restore at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 24-MAY-14

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile  1 to 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  2 to 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  3 to 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  4 to 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  5 to 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  6 to 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf";
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile  1 auxiliary format 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf"   datafile 
 2 auxiliary format 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile 
 3 auxiliary format 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile 
 4 auxiliary format 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf"   datafile 
 5 auxiliary format 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf"   datafile 
 6 auxiliary format 
 "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf"   ;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /opt/oracle/oradata/suq/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/system01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/users01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/test02.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/test01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-14

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 24-MAY-14

四、开启standby日志应用

duplicate完成之后备库数据库启动到mount阶段，这时候就可以开启应用日志，最后再重启打开到read only并应用日志：

SQL> select status from v$Instance;

STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

SQL> select database_role from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY


SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database open read only;
alter database open read only
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-10456: cannot open standby database; media recovery session may be in
progress


SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database open read only;

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

数据库已更改。

五、standby数据库基本管理

查看主库日志传输状态：
SQL> SELECT dest_id,dest_name,status,target,destination,ERROR,db_unique_name FROM v$archive_dest WHERE ROWNUM<3;

DEST_ID DEST_NAME	     STATUS    TARGET  DESTINATION     ERROR	  DB_UN
------- -------------------- --------- ------- --------------- ---------- -----
      1 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1   VALID     PRIMARY /opt/arch		  squan
      2 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2   VALID     STANDBY 11g2			  suq

查看角色和打开模式：
SQL> select DATABASE_ROLE,PROTECTION_MODE,open_mode from v$database; 

DATABASE_ROLE	 PROTECTION_MODE      OPEN_MODE
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  READ ONLY WITH APPLY

开启应用：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

开启实时应用：
SQL>recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

关闭应用：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

查看是否有gap:
SQL>SELECT * FROM v$archive_gap;

查看归档日志是否被应用：
SQL>SELECT NAME,thread#,sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied FROM v$archived_log ORDER BY 1,2;

fail over:
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish ;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish force;
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

standby进程状态：
SQL>SELECT pid, PROCESS, STATUS, THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, BLOCK#, BLOCKS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY where process='RFS' or process='MRP0';