简易的C++智能指针原理示例

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#ifndef SMART_PTR_H

#define SMART_PTR_H

#include <map>

#include <iostream>

template <typename _Tr>

class smart_ptr

{

public:

    typedef _Tr* pointType;

    // 利用现有地址构造

    smart_ptr(_Tr *ptr)

    {

        Increase((long)ptr);

        this->ptr_ = ptr;

    }

    smart_ptr(const smart_ptr &other)

    {

        if(other.ptr_)

        {

            Increase((long)other.ptr_);

            this->ptr_ = other.ptr_;

        }

    }

     // 空初始化

    smart_ptr()

    {

        this->ptr_ = NULL;

    }

    // 释放

    ~smart_ptr()

    {

        ReleasePtr();

    }

public:

    // 拷贝（递减原有计数、增加新计数）

    smart_ptr &operator = (const smart_ptr &other)

    {

        this->ReleasePtr();

        if(other.ptr_)

        {

            Increase((long)other.ptr_);

            this->ptr_ = other.ptr_;

        }

        return *this;

    }

    // 解引

    _Tr operator *()

    {

        //assert(this->ptr_);

        return *this->ptr_;

    }

    // 模拟指针调用

    pointType operator ->()

    {

        return this->ptr_;

    }

private:

    // 递增计数，并且返回计数

    int Increase(long address)

    {

        int count = 0;

        if(addressContainer_.find(address) != addressContainer_.end())

        {

            count = ++addressContainer_[address];

        }

        else

        {

            addressContainer_[address] = 1;

            count = 1;

        }

#ifdef PTR_DEBUG

        std::cout << "address:" << address << " count:" << count << std::endl;

#endif

        return count;

    }

    // 递减计数，并且返回计数

    int Degression(long address)

    {

        int count = 0;

        if(addressContainer_.find(address) != addressContainer_.end())

        {

            count = --addressContainer_[address];

            if(count <= 0)

            {

                addressContainer_.erase(address);

            }

#ifdef PTR_DEBUG

        std::cout << "address:" << address << " count:" << count << std::endl;

#endif

        }

        return count;

    }

    void ReleasePtr()

    {

        int count = 0;

        if(this->ptr_)

        {

            count = Degression((long)this->ptr_);

            // 引用计数递减至0

            if(!count)

            {

                delete this->ptr_;

#ifdef PTR_DEBUG

        std::cout << "The address:" << (long)this->ptr_ << " has been delete!" << std::endl;

#endif

                this->ptr_ = NULL;

            }

        }

    }

    // 地址容器（key：地址、value：被引用次数）

    static std::map<long, int> addressContainer_;

    pointType ptr_;

};

template <typename _Tr>

std::map<long, int> smart_ptr<_Tr>::addressContainer_;

#endif // SMART_PTR_H