python使用

1. numpy.shape

   
   >>> import numpy as np
   >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
   >>> a.shape
   (4,)
   >>> a.shape[0]
   4
   >>> c = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4],[4, 5, 6, 7], [7, 8, 9, 10]])
   >>> c.shape
   (3, 4)
   >>> c.shape[0]
   3
   >>> c.shape[1]
   4

2. range

   
   >>> range(1,5) #代表从1到5(不包含5)
   [1, 2, 3, 4]
   >>> range(1,5,2) #代表从1到5，间隔2(不包含5)
   [1, 3]
   >>> range(5) #代表从0到5(不包含5)
   [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

3. numpy.sum() 求和

   >>> a
   array([[6, 7, 1, 6],
          [1, 0, 2, 3],
          [7, 8, 2, 1]])
   >>> np.sum(a)
   44
   >>> np.sum(a,axis=0)
   array([14, 15,  5, 10])
   >>> np.sum(a,axis=1)
   array([20,  6, 18])
   >>> np.sum(a,axis=-1)

4. numpy.mean() 均值

   >>> a
   array([[6, 7, 1, 6],
          [1, 0, 2, 3],
          [7, 8, 2, 1]])
   >>> np.mean(a)
   3.6666666666666665
   >>> np.mean(a,axis=0)
   array([ 4.66666667,  5.        ,  1.66666667,  3.33333333])

5. numpy.var() 方差

   >>> np.var(a)
   7.7222222222222223
   >>> np.var(a,axis=0)
   array([  6.88888889,  12.66666667,   0.22222222,   4.22222222])

6. numpy.std() 标准差

   >>> np.std(a,axis=0)
   array([ 2.62466929,  3.55902608,  0.47140452,  2.05480467])

   参考 python 科学计算学习一：numpy快速处理数据（3）

7. numpy.max() 最大值
8. numpy.min() 最小值
9. numpy.argmax() 最大值的下标
10. numpy.argmin() 最小值的下标

11. numpy.sort() 排序

    >>> a
    array([[6, 7, 1, 6],
           [1, 0, 2, 3],
           [7, 8, 2, 1]])
    >>> a.sort()
    >>> a
    array([[1, 6, 6, 7],
           [0, 1, 2, 3],
           [1, 2, 7, 8]])
    >>> np.sort(a,axis=0)
    array([[0, 1, 2, 3],
           [1, 2, 6, 7],
           [1, 6, 7, 8]])
    

12. numpy.argsort() 排序后的数据原来位置的下标

    >>> np.argsort(a,axis=0)
    array([[1, 1, 1, 1],
           [0, 2, 0, 0],
           [2, 0, 2, 2]])

13. pickle.load(file) Read a string from the open file object file and interpret it as a pickle data stream, reconstructing and returning the original object hierarchy

    Welcome To PyCrust 0.7.2 - The Flakiest Python Shell
    Sponsored by Orbtech - Your source for Python programming expertise.
    Python 2.2.1 (#1, Aug 27 2002, 10:22:32)
    [GCC 3.2 (Mandrake Linux 9.0 3.2-1mdk)] on linux-i386
    Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> import cPickle as pickle
    >>> t1 = ('this is a string', 42, [1, 2, 3], None)
    >>> t1
    ('this is a string', 42, [1, 2, 3], None)
    >>> p1 = pickle.dumps(t1)
    >>> p1
    "(S'this is a string'\nI42\n(lp1\nI1\naI2\naI3\naNtp2\n."
    >>> print p1
    (S'this is a string'
    I42
    (lp1
    I1
    aI2
    aI3
    aNtp2
    .
    >>> t2 = pickle.loads(p1)
    >>> t2
    ('this is a string', 42, [1, 2, 3], None)
    >>> p2 = pickle.dumps(t1, True)
    >>> p2
    '(U\x10this is a stringK*]q\x01(K\x01K\x02K\x03eNtq\x02.'
    >>> t3 = pickle.loads(p2)
    >>> t3
    ('this is a string', 42, [1, 2, 3], None)

14. 14.