链表理论基础
链表是一种通过指针串联在一起的线性结构,每一个节点由两部分组成,一个是数据域一个是指针域(存放指向下一个节点的指针),最后一个节点的指针域指向null(空指针的意思)
数组是在内存中是连续分布的,但是链表在内存中可不是连续分布的。链表是通过指针域的指针链接在内存中各个节点。所以链表中的节点在内存中不是连续分布的 ,而是散乱分布在内存中的某地址上,分配机制取决于操作系统的内存管理。
链表的定义
class ListNode:
def __init__(self, val, next=None):
self.val = val
self.next = next
203.移除链表元素
移除元素,添加哑结点,方便处理第一个元素。
刚写的时候没有将cur = cur.next放在else中,导致程序报错了,如果在找到值并删除后,cur继续向前移动,那么cur.next就没有被检查,因此在相等的情况下是不需要这一步的。
class Solution:
def removeElements(self, head: Optional[ListNode], val: int) -> Optional[ListNode]:
dummy_head = ListNode(0, head)
cur = dummy_head
while cur.next:
if cur.next.val == val:
cur.next = cur.next.next
else:
cur = cur.next
return dummy_head.next
707.设计链表
哑结点和链表长度会简化程序
class ListNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
self.val = val
self.next = next
class MyLinkedList:
def __init__(self):
self.dummy_head = ListNode()
self.length = 0
def get(self, index: int) -> int:
if self.length <= index:
return -1
cur = self.dummy_head.next
while index > 0:
cur = cur.next
index -= 1
return cur.val
def addAtHead(self, val: int) -> None:
self.dummy_head.next = ListNode(val, self.dummy_head.next)
self.length += 1
def addAtTail(self, val: int) -> None:
cur = self.dummy_head
while cur.next:
cur = cur.next
cur.next = ListNode(val)
self.length += 1
def addAtIndex(self, index: int, val: int) -> None:
if index > self.length:
return
cur = self.dummy_head
while index > 0:
cur = cur.next
index -= 1
cur.next = ListNode(val, cur.next)
self.length += 1
def deleteAtIndex(self, index: int) -> None:
if index >= self.length:
return
cur = self.dummy_head
while index > 0:
cur = cur.next
index -= 1
cur.next = cur.next.next
self.length -= 1
206.反转链表
迭代法
class Solution:
def reverseList(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> Optional[ListNode]:
pre = None
cur = head
while cur:
next = cur.next
cur.next = pre
pre = cur
cur = next
return pre
递归法是建立在上面迭代法的基础上的,可以先写出迭代法再写递归法
class Solution:
def reverseList(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> Optional[ListNode]:
return self.reverse(None, head)
def reverse(self, pre, cur):
if cur is None:
return pre
next = cur.next
cur.next = pre
return self.reverse(cur, next)