go之interface变量存储的类型

       如何反向知道interface变量里面实际保存了的是哪个类型的对象呢？目前常用的有两种方法：

1、value, ok = element.(T)，这里value就是变量的值，ok是一个bool类型，element是interface变量，T是断言的类型。如果element里面确实存储了T类型的数值，那么ok返回true，否则返回false。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

type List []Element

type Element interface{}

type Person struct {
	name string
	age int
}
func (p Person) String() string {
	return  "(name: " + p.name + " - " + strconv.Itoa(p.age) + "years old.)"
}

func main(){
	List := make(List, 3)
	List[0] = 1
	List[1] = "Hello"
	List[2] = Person{name: "Dannis", age:70}
	for index, ele := range List {
		if value, ok := ele.(int); ok {
			fmt.Printf("List[%d] is an int, and its value is %d\n ", index, value )
		}else if value, ok := ele.(string); ok {
			fmt.Printf("List[%d] is a string and its value is %s\n ", index, value)
		}else if value, ok := ele.(Person); ok {
			fmt.Printf("List[%d] is a Person and its value is %s", index, value)
		}else{
			fmt.Printf("List[%d] is a of a different type", index)
		}
	}
}
// 输出结果：
List[0] is an int, and its value is 1
 List[1] is a string and its value is Hello
 List[2] is a Person and its value is (name: Dannis - 70years old.)

2、switch测试

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

type List []Element

type Element interface{}

type Person struct {
	name string
	age int
}
func (p Person) String() string {
	return  "(name: " + p.name + " - " + strconv.Itoa(p.age) + "years old.)"
}

func main(){
	List := make(List, 3)
	List[0] = 1
	List[1] = "Hello"
	List[2] = Person{name: "Dannis", age:70}
	for index, element := range List {
		switch value := element.(type) {
		case int:
			fmt.Printf("list[%d] is an int and its value is %d\n", index, value)
		case string:
			fmt.Printf("list[%d] is a string and its value is %s\n", index, value)
		case Person:
			fmt.Printf("list[%d] is a Person and its value is %s\n", index, value)
		default:
			fmt.Println("list[%d] is of a different type", index)
		}
	}list[0] is an int and its value is 1
list[1] is a string and its value is Hello
list[2] is a Person and its value is (name: Dannis - 70years old.)
}
//运行结果
list[0] is an int and its value is 1
list[1] is a string and its value is Hello
list[2] is a Person and its value is (name: Dannis - 70years old.)

这里有一点需要强调的是：element.(type)语法不能在switch外的任何逻辑里面使用，如果你要在switch外面判断一个类型就使用第一中判断方式。