swift基本语法（总结提炼版）之008 swift 之字典

字典

/// 定义并实例化字典
var dict = [String: AnyObject]()

dict["name"] = "zhangsan"
dict["age"] = 18

print(dict)

// 设置相同 key，之前的数值会被覆盖
dict["name"] = "lisi"
print(dict)

// 删除某一个 key
dict.removeValueForKey("age")
print(dict)

dict["title"] = "manager"
print(dict)

// 遍历字典(k, v可以随便写)
for (k, v) in dict {
    print("\(k) -- \(v)")
}

// 合并字典
var dict2 = ["name": "wangwu", "age": 80, "title": "boss"]
for (k, v) in dict2 {
    dict.updateValue(v, forKey: k)
}
print(dict)

操练：

/*

字典定义: 键值对

OC:
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"lnj" forKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"%@", dict);


NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"name", @"lnj", @"age", @30, nil];
NSLog(@"%@", dict);


NSDictionary *dict = @{@"name":@"lnj", @"age":@30};
NSLog(@"%@", dict);
*/


// key一定要是可以hash的(String, Int, Float, Double, Bool), value没有要求
var dict = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
print(dict)


var dict1:Dictionary = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
print(dict1)


var dict2:Dictionary<String,Any> = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
print(dict2)


var dict3:[String:Any] = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
print(dict3)


var dict4:[String:Any] = Dictionary(dictionaryLiteral: ("name", "lnj"), ("age", 30))
print(dict4)


//不可变数组:
var dict5 = [:]
//可变数组:
let dict6  = [:]


/*
字典操作
OC:
1.获取
NSDictionary *dict = @{@"name":@"lnj", @"age":@30};
NSLog(@"%@", dict[@"name"]);


2.修改
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"name", @"lnj", @"age", @30, nil];
dict[@"name"] = @"iversion";
NSLog(@"%@", dict[@"name"]);


NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"name", @"lnj", @"age", @30, nil];
[dict setObject:@"iversion" forKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"%@", dict[@"name"]);
*/
//1.获取
var dict7 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
print(dict7["name"]!)


//2.修改
var dict8 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
dict8["name"] = "iverson"
print(dict8["name"]!)


var dict9 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
dict9.updateValue("iverson", forKey: "name")
print(dict9["name"]!)


// 3.更新
// updateValue返回一个可选类型, 如果字典中不存在需要更新的key, 那么返回nil, 如果存在返回原始值
var dict10 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
if let orignal = dict10.updateValue("iverson", forKey: "name")
{
    print(dict10["name"]!)
    print(orignal)
}


// updateValue返回一个可选类型, 如果字典中不存在需要更新的key, 那么返回nil并且会将新的键值对添加到字典中
var dict11 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
if let orignal = dict11.updateValue("iverson", forKey: "abc")
{
    print(dict11["abc"]!)
    print(orignal)
}
print(dict11)


/*
4.添加
OC:
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"name", @"lnj", @"age", @30, nil];
dict[@"height"] = @175;
NSLog(@"%@", dict);




NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"name", @"lnj", @"age", @30, nil];
[dict setObject:@175 forKey:@"height"];
NSLog(@"%@", dict);
*/


var dict12 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
dict12["height"] = 175;
print(dict12)


/*
5.删除
OC:
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"lnj", @"name", @30, @"age", nil];
[dict removeObjectForKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"%@", dict);


NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"lnj", @"name", @30, @"age", nil];
[dict removeAllObjects];
NSLog(@"%@", dict);
*/
var dict13 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
dict13.removeValueForKey("name")
print(dict13)




// removeValueForKey返回一个可选类型, 如果字典中不存在需要删除的key, 那么返回nil并且不会执行任何操作, 如果存在则删除key对应的值, 并且返回被删除的值
var dict14 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
if let orignal = dict14.removeValueForKey("names")
{
    print(dict14)
    print(orignal)
}
print(dict14)


var dict15 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
dict15.removeAll(keepCapacity: true)


/*
遍历字典
OC:
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"lnj", @"name", @30, @"age", nil];
[dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) {
NSLog(@"key = %@ value = %@", key, obj);
}];


NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"lnj", @"name", @30, @"age", nil];
NSArray *keys = [dict allKeys];
for (NSString *key in keys) {
NSLog(@"%@", key);
}


NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"lnj", @"name", @30, @"age", nil];
NSArray *values = [dict allValues];
for (NSString *value in values) {
NSLog(@"%@", value);
}
*/


var dict16 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
for (key , value) in dict16
{
    print("key = \(key) value = \(value)")
}


var dict17 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
for key in dict17.keys
{
    print("key = \(key)")
}


var dict18 = ["name":"lnj", "age":30]
for value in dict18.values
{
    print("value = \(value)")
}