文件的上传和下载
<%--
文件的上传和下载
文件的上传和下载,是非常常见的功能。很多的系统中,或者软件中都经常使用文件的上传和下载。
比如:QQ 头像,就使用了上传。
邮箱中也有附件的上传和下载功能。
OA 系统中审批有附件材料的上传。
--%>
文件的上传
upload.jsp
<%--
1、文件的上传介绍(*****重点)
1、要有一个 form 标签,method=post 请求
2、form 标签的 encType 属性值必须为 multipart/form-data 值
3、在 form 标签中使用 input type=file 添加上传的文件
4、编写服务器代码(Servlet 程序)接收,处理上传的数据。
encType=multipart/form-data 表示提交的数据,以多段(每一个表单项一个数据段)的形式进行拼
接,然后以二进制流的形式发送给服务器
commons-fileupload.jar 常用 API 介绍说明
commons-fileupload.jar 需要依赖 commons-io.jar 这个包,所以两个包我们都要引入。
第一步,就是需要导入两个 jar 包:
commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar
commons-io-1.4.jar
commons-fileupload.jar 和 commons-io.jar 包中,我们常用的类有哪些?
ServletFileUpload 类,用于解析上传的数据。
FileItem 类,表示每一个表单项。
boolean ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(HttpServletRequest request);
判断当前上传的数据格式是否是多段的格式。
public List<FileItem> parseRequest(HttpServletRequest request)
解析上传的数据
boolean FileItem.isFormField()
判断当前这个表单项,是否是普通的表单项。还是上传的文件类型。
true 表示普通类型的表单项
false 表示上传的文件类型
String FileItem.getFieldName()
获取表单项的 name 属性值
String FileItem.getString()
获取当前表单项的值。
String FileItem.getName();
获取上传的文件名
void FileItem.write( file );
将上传的文件写到 参数 file 所指向抽硬盘位置 。
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>EL_JSTL_09-upload.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<%-- fileupload 类库的使用: --%>
<%-- 上传文件的表单: --%>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/EL_JSTL_09/uploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
用户名: <input type="text" name="username" /><br/>
头像: <input type="file" name="photo" ><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>
UploadServlet
package com.sq.servlet;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
if(ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(req)){
FileItemFactory fileItemFactory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
ServletFileUpload servletFileUpload = new ServletFileUpload(fileItemFactory);
try {
List<FileItem> list = servletFileUpload.parseRequest(req);
for(FileItem fileItem : list){
if(fileItem.isFormField()){
System.out.println("表单项的 name 属性值: " + fileItem.getFieldName());
System.out.println("表单项的 value 属性值: " + fileItem.getString("UTF-8"));
} else {
System.out.println("表单项的 name 属性值: " + fileItem.getFieldName());
System.out.println("上传的文件名: " + fileItem.getName());
fileItem.write(new File("e:\\" + fileItem.getName()));
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<context-param>
<param-name>username</param-name>
<param-value>root</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql:///test</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.sq.servlet.UploadServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/uploadServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
文件的下载
package com.sq.servlet;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class Download extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
String downloadFileName = "0.jpg";
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType("/file/" + downloadFileName);
System.out.println("下载的文件类型: " + mimeType);
resp.setContentType(mimeType);
if (req.getHeader("User-Agent").contains("Firefox")){
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment; filename==?UTF-8?B?" + new BASE64Encoder().encode("中国.jsp".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) + "?=");
} else{
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment; filename=" + URLEncoder.encode("中国.jsp","UTF-8"));
}
InputStream resourceAsStream = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/file/" + downloadFileName);
OutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
IOUtils.copy(resourceAsStream,outputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<context-param>
<param-name>username</param-name>
<param-value>root</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql:///test</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.sq.servlet.UploadServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/uploadServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Download</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.sq.servlet.Download</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Download</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/download</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Base64Test
package com.sq.base64;
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
public class Base64Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String content = "这是需要 Base64 编码的内容";
BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
String encodedString = base64Encoder.encode(content.getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println( encodedString );
BASE64Decoder base64Decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
byte[] bytes = base64Decoder.decodeBuffer(encodedString);
String str = new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
System.out.println(str);
}
}