遗传算法

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
N_CITIES = 20
CROSS_RATE = 0.1
MUTATE_RATE = 0.02
POP_SIZE = 500
N_GENERATOR = 500

 
class GA(object):
    def __init__(self, DNA_size, cross_rate, mutation_rate, pop_size):
        self.DNA_size = DNA_size
        self.cross_rate = cross_rate
        self.mutate_rate = mutation_rate
        self.pop_size = pop_size
        self.pop = np.vstack([np.random.permutation(DNA_size) for _ in range(pop_size)])


    def translateDNA(self, DNA, city_position):
        line_x = np.empty_like(DNA, dtype=np.float64)
        line_y = np.empty_like(DNA, dtype=np.float64)
        for i, d in enumerate(DNA):
            city_coord = city_position[d]
            line_x[i,: ] = city_coord[:, 0]
            line_y[i,: ] = city_coord[:, 1]
        return line_x, line_y

    def get_fitness(self, lx, ly):
        total_distance = np.empty((lx.shape[0],), dtype=np.float64)
        for i, (x, y) in enumerate(zip(lx, ly)):
            total_distance[i] = np.sum(np.sqrt(np.square(np.diff(x))+np.square(np.diff(y))))
        fitness = np.exp(self.DNA_size * 2 / total_distance)
        return fitness

    def select(self, fitnesss):
        idx = np.random.choice(np.arange(self.pop_size), size=self.pop_size, replace=True, p = fitnesss/fitnesss.sum())
        return self.pop[idx]

    def cross_over(self, parent, pop):
        if np.random.rand() < self.cross_rate:
            i_ = np.random.randint(0, self.pop_size, size=1) # low , high, size
            cross_point = np.random.randint(0, 2, size=self.DNA_size).astype(bool)
            keep_city = parent[~cross_point]
            swap_city = pop[i_, np.isin(pop[i_].ravel(), keep_city, invert=True)]
            parent[:] = np.concatenate((keep_city, swap_city))
        return parent


    def mutate(self, child):
        for point in range(self.DNA_size):
          if np.random.rand() < self.mutate_rate:
                swap_point = np.random.randint(0, self.DNA_size)
                swapA, swapB = child[point], child[swap_point]
                child[point], child[swap_point] = swapB, swapA
        return child


    def evolve(self, fitness):
        pop = self.select(fitness)
        pop_copy = pop.copy()
        for parent in pop:
            child = self.cross_over(parent, pop_copy)
            child = self.mutate(child)
            parent[:] = child
        self.pop = pop



class env(object):
    def __init__(selfl, N_CITIES):
        selfl.city_postion =  np.random.rand(N_CITIES, 2)
    def plotting(self, lx, ly, total_d):
        plt.cla()
        plt.scatter(self.city_postion[:, 0].T, self.city_postion[:,1].T, s=200, c='k')
        plt.plot(lx.T, ly.T, 'r-')

        plt.text(-0.05, -0.05, "Total fitness=%.2f" % total_d, fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'red'})
        plt.xlim((-0.1, 1.1))
        plt.ylim((-0.1, 1.1))
        plt.pause(0.01)


if __name__ == '__main__':

    ga = GA(DNA_size=N_CITIES, cross_rate=CROSS_RATE, mutation_rate=MUTATE_RATE, pop_size=POP_SIZE)
    envs = env(N_CITIES=N_CITIES)
    for generation in range(N_GENERATOR):
        lx, ly = ga.translateDNA(ga.pop, envs.city_postion)
        fitness = ga.get_fitness(lx, ly)
        ga.evolve(fitness)
        best_index = np.argmax(fitness)
        print('Gen:', generation, '| best fit: %.2f' % fitness[best_index], )
        envs.plotting(lx[best_index], ly[best_index], fitness[best_index])
    plt.ioff()
    plt.show()