mysql覆盖安装避坑详细步骤

1、卸载mysql或者mariadb
rpm -qa|grep mysql
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
rpm -qa|grep MariaDB
rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps

1.在/use/local下创建mysql文件夹和data目录
mkdir mysql

2.切换到mysql文件夹下
cd mysql

3.下载mysql,把下载的压缩包上传到要安装的服务器上，解压mysql
tar -xvJf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

4.重命名文件夹
mv mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /use/local/mysql
cd /use/local/mysql
mkdir data

5.创建用户组以及用户和密码
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

6.授权用户
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

7.在bin目录下初始化基础信息
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --initialize
保存临时密码root@localhost: aNixw#3u5M8s

8.编辑my.cnf文件vi /etc/my.cnf
注释mysqld_safe
修改信息
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server=UTF8MB4
lower_case_table_names=1

9.添加mysqld服务到系统
cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

10.授权以及添加服务
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql

11.启动mysql
service mysql start
最终启动！！！

经历的报错：
报错：/etc/init.d/mysql: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn’t find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
解决：
find / -name mysqld_safe 找到位置：
/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqld_safe
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/bin/
cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqld_safe /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
报错：
/etc/init.d/mysql: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
解决：
which my_print_defaults
/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin/my_print_defaults
echo export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
查看/etc/init.d/mysql，需要copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin/my_print_defaults /usr/bin
报错：
my_print_defaults: error while loading shared libraries: libcrypto.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决：
首先查看是不是mysql 安装之前没有安装依赖包，
ldd $(which my_print_defaults)
libcrypto.so.1.1 => not found
libssl.so.1.1 => not found

find / -name libcrypto.so.1.1
find / -name libssl.so.1.1

文件cp到/usr/lib和/usr/lib64中
cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/lib/private/libcrypto.so.1.1 /usr/lib/
cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/lib/private/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/lib/
cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/lib/private/libcrypto.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/
cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/lib/private/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/lib64/

报错：
2024-07-18T13:35:35.585718Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
解决：
cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqld /usr/local/mysql/bin/

12.查看启动状态
service mysql status

13.将mysql命令添加到服务
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

14.登录mysql
mysql -uroot -p
密码使用之前随机生成的密码 root@localhost: aNixw#3u5M8s

15.重置root密码
ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘selectDB2024’;
flush privileges;

16.查看权限
select host,user,Grant_priv,Super_priv from mysql.user;
±----------±-----------------±-----------±-----------+
| host | user | Grant_priv | Super_priv |
±----------±-----------------±-----------±-----------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | N | N |
| localhost | mysql.session | N | Y |
| localhost | mysql.sys | N | N |
| localhost | root | Y | Y |
±----------±-----------------±-----------±-----------+
查看processlist权限
show processlist;
±—±----------------±----------±-----±--------±-----±-----------------------±-----------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
±—±----------------±----------±-----±--------±-----±-----------------------±-----------------+
| 5 | event_scheduler | localhost | NULL | Daemon | 447 | Waiting on empty queue | NULL |
| 8 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
±—±----------------±----------±-----±--------±-----±-----------------------±-----------------+
查看用户权限
SHOW GRANTS;
Grants for root@localhost

17.增加’root’@‘%‘及权限
#创建账户
create user ‘root’@’%’ identified by ‘selectDB2024’;
#赋予权限
grant all privileges on . to ‘root’@‘%’ with grant option;
#刷新
flush privileges;
回看权限
select host,user,Grant_priv,Super_priv from mysql.user;
±----------±-----------------±-----------±-----------+
| host | user | Grant_priv | Super_priv |
±----------±-----------------±-----------±-----------+
| % | root | Y | Y |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | N | N |
| localhost | mysql.session | N | Y |
| localhost | mysql.sys | N | N |
| localhost | root | Y | Y |
±----------±-----------------±-----------±-----------+
quit;

18.验证远程登录
mysql -uroot -h10.11.17.62 -p selectDB2024

17.mysql重启
service mysql restart