[特殊字符]️ Python+OpenCV魔眼：实时摄像头物品识别黑科技大揭秘！-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/suny8/article/details/147710492

**导语：** 想让你普通的摄像头突然拥有"火眼金睛"？本文将手把手教你用Python+OpenCV打造实时物品识别系统，让计算机真正"看懂"眼前的世界！

---

### 🔮 效果先睹为快
- 实时视频流分析
- 毫秒级识别2000+常见物品
- 智能标注名称与置信度
- 支持笔记本摄像头/USB

---

### 🛠️ 环境准备
```bash
pip install opencv-python numpy
```

---

### 🧠 核心原理
1. **YOLOv3深度学习模型**：预训练好的"视觉大脑"
2. **OpenCV视频处理**：实时捕捉摄像头画面
3. **非极大值抑制(NMS)**：精准定位目标
4. **COCO数据集**：80类常见物品识别

---

### 🚀

#### 核心代码
```python
import cv2
import numpy as np

# 初始化模型
net = cv2.dnn.readNet("yolov3.weights", "yolov3.cfg")
classes = []
with open("coco.names", "r") as f:
classes = [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]
layer_names = net.getLayerNames()
output_layers = [layer_names[i[0]-1] for i in net.getUnconnectedOutLayers()]

# 打开摄像头
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

while True:
ret, frame = cap.read()
height, width = frame.shape[:2]

# 检测处理
blob = cv2.dnn.blobFromImage(frame, 0.00392, (416,416), (0,0,0), True, crop=False)
net.setInput(blob)
outs = net.forward(output_layers)

# 解析结果
class_ids = []
confidences = []
boxes = []
for out in outs:
for detection in out:
scores = detection[5:]
class_id = np.argmax(scores)
confidence = scores[class_id]
if confidence > 0.5:
center_x = int(detection[0] * width)
center_y = int(detection[1] * height)
w = int(detection[2] * width)
h = int(detection[3] * height)
x = int(center_x - w/2)
y = int(center_y - h/2)
boxes.append([x, y, w, h])
confidences.append(float(confidence))
class_ids.append(class_id)

# 非极大值抑制
indexes = cv2.dnn.NMSBoxes(boxes, confidences, 0.5, 0.4)

# 绘制结果
for i in range(len(boxes)):
if i in indexes:
x,y,w,h = boxes[i]
label = f"{classes[class_ids[i]]} {confidences[i]:.2f}"
cv2.rectangle(frame, (x,y), (x+w,y+h), (0,255,0), 2)
cv2.putText(frame, label, (x,y-5), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (0,0,255), 2)

cv2.imshow("AI Vision", frame)
if cv2.waitKey(1) == 27: # ESC退出
break