Bob has a favorite number k and ai of length n. Now he asks you to answer m queries. Each query is given by a pair li and riand asks you to count the number of pairs of integers i and j, such that l ≤ i ≤ j ≤ r and the xor of the numbers ai, ai + 1, ..., ajis equal to k.
The first line of the input contains integers n, m and k (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 100 000, 0 ≤ k ≤ 1 000 000) — the length of the array, the number of queries and Bob's favorite number respectively.
The second line contains n integers ai (0 ≤ ai ≤ 1 000 000) — Bob's array.
Then m lines follow. The i-th line contains integers li and ri (1 ≤ li ≤ ri ≤ n) — the parameters of the i-th query.
Print m lines, answer the queries in the order they appear in the input.
6 2 3 1 2 1 1 0 3 1 6 3 5
7 0
5 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 2 4 1 3
9 4 4
In the first sample the suitable pairs of i and j for the first query are: (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 3), (3, 6), (5, 6), (6, 6). Not a single of these pairs is suitable for the second query.
In the second sample xor equals 1 for all subarrays of an odd length.
离线分块,妙啊
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int MAXN=1<<20;
struct node{
int l,r,id;
}Q[MAXN];
int n,m,k;
int block;
int a[MAXN];
int pre[MAXN];
ll cnt[MAXN];
ll ANS,ans[MAXN];
bool cmp(node x,node y){
if(x.l/block==y.l/block)return x.r<y.r;
else return x.l/block<y.l/block;
}
void add(int x){
ANS+=cnt[pre[x]^k];
cnt[pre[x]]++;
}
void del(int x){
cnt[pre[x]]--;
ANS-=cnt[pre[x]^k];
}
int main(){
scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&k);
block=(int)sqrt(n);
pre[0]=0;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
pre[i]=a[i]^pre[i-1];
}
for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){
scanf("%d%d",&Q[i].l,&Q[i].r);
Q[i].id=i;
}
sort(Q+1,Q+1+m,cmp);
ANS=0;
memset(cnt,0,sizeof(cnt));
cnt[0]=1;
int L=1,R=0;
for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){
while(L>Q[i].l){L--;add(L-1);};
while(L<Q[i].l){del(L-1);L++;}
while(R<Q[i].r){R++;add(R);};
while(R>Q[i].r){del(R);R--;};
ans[Q[i].id]=ANS;
}
for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){
printf("%lld\n",ans[i]);
}
return 0;
}