CentOS7安装Python3.7

1.安装python3.7之前需要先安装一些依赖

[root@les ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel openssl-static ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel lzma gcc

2.在指定目录下下载python3.7安装包

将安装包下载到/usr/local/src/目录下

[root@les ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[root@les src]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tar.xz

3.解压&&移动

[root@les src]# tar xvf Python-3.7.0.tar.xz

[root@les src]# mv Python-3.7.0 /usr/local/python-3.7

[root@les src]#  cd /usr/local/python-3.7

4.安装&&编译

[root@les python-3.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sbin/python-3.7
将python3.7安装到/usr/local/sbin/python-3.7目录下

[root@les python-3.7]# make && make install
安装完成后，若出现以下两行，说明安装成功；

Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-10.0.1 setuptools-39.0.1

5.安装成功之后就能使用了

[root@les python-3.7]# /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3
Python 3.7.0 (default, Apr  8 2020, 01:43:03) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()

接下来生成python3的指令，快捷进入python3.7的环境中

6.看一下默认python命令的绝对路径 这个是python2的指令所在路径

[root@les ~]# which python
/usr/bin/python
[root@les ~]# ll /usr/bin/ | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root         7 Nov 30  2019 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root         9 Nov 30  2019 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root root     68600 Aug  7  2019 python2.7

7.将python3的命令通过软链接指向到/usr/bin下

[root@les python-3.7]# ln -sv /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
"/usr/bin/python3" -> "/usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3"
[root@les python-3.7]# ll /usr/bin/ |grep python

lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root        35 May 27 12:17 pip3 -> /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/pip3
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root         7 Nov 30  2019 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root         9 Nov 30  2019 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root root     68600 Aug  7  2019 python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root        38 May 27 12:17 python3 -> /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3

[root@les python-3.7]# python3 -V
Python 3.7.0

8.最后将pip3也链接到/usr/bin下 可以快捷的使用命令

[root@les python-3.7]# ln -s /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
[root@les python-3.7]# pip3 --version
pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)