众所周知,虚函数是程序运行期间动态绑定的。这个是动态绑定的是基类指针对虚函数的绑定。但是,虚函数的默认参数是怎样的呢?这是一个容易忽视的问题。答案是:虚函数的默认参数是静态绑定的,也就是说在编译阶段就一定确定默认参数的值。举例如下:
class Base
{
public:
Base() {}
~Base() {}
virtual void f (int i = 15) { std::cout << "Base::f() " << i << std::endl; }
};
class Derived: public Base
{
public:
Derived() {}
~Derived() {}
void f (int i = 30) { std::cout << "Derived::f() " << i << std::endl;}
};
Derived* d = new Derived();
Base* b = d;
b->f();
d->f();
输出结果:
Derived::f() 15
Derived::f() 30
所以,应该记住:“绝不重新定义继承而来的缺省参数(Never redefine function’s inherited default parameters value.)”