先说下原理,原理明白了,其实很简单:
a、对于网络上的一个资源,首先发送一个请求,从返回的Content-Length中回去需要下载文件的大小,然后根据文件大小创建一个文件。
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this.fileSize = conn.getContentLength();// 根据响应获取文件大小
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File dir = new File(dirStr);
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this.localFile = new File(dir, filename);
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RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(this.localFile, "rw");
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raf.setLength(fileSize);
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raf.close();
b、根据线程数和文件大小,为每个线程分配下载的字节区间,然后每个线程向服务器发送请求,获取这段字节区间的文件内容。
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conn.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startPos + "-"
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+ endPos);// 设置获取实体数据的范围
c、利用RandomAccessFile的seek方法,多线程同时往一个文件中写入字节。
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raf.seek(startPos);
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while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1)
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{
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raf.write(buf, 0, len);
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}
分析完了原理就很简单了,我封装了一个类,利用这个类的实例进行下载,所需参数:下载资源的URI, 本地文件路径,线程的数量。
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package com.zhy.mutilthread_download;
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import java.io.File;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.io.InputStream;
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import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
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import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
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import java.net.URL;
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public class MultipartThreadDownloador
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{
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/**
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* 需要下载资源的地址
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*/
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private String urlStr;
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/**
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* 下载的文件
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*/
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private File localFile;
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/**
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* 需要下载文件的存放的本地文件夹路径
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*/
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private String dirStr;
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/**
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* 存储到本地的文件名
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*/
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private String filename;
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/**
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* 开启的线程数量
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*/
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private int threadCount;
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/**
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* 下载文件的大小
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*/
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private long fileSize;
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public MultipartThreadDownloador(String urlStr, String dirStr,
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String filename, int threadCount)
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{
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this.urlStr = urlStr;
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this.dirStr = dirStr;
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this.filename = filename;
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this.threadCount = threadCount;
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}
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public void download() throws IOException
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{
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createFileByUrl();
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/**
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* 计算每个线程需要下载的数据长度
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*/
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long block = fileSize % threadCount == 0 ? fileSize / threadCount
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: fileSize / threadCount + 1;
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for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++)
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{
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long start = i * block;
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long end = start + block >= fileSize ? fileSize : start + block - 1;
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new DownloadThread(new URL(urlStr), localFile, start, end).start();
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}
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}
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/**
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* 根据资源的URL获取资源的大小,以及在本地创建文件
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*/
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public void createFileByUrl() throws IOException
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{
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URL url = new URL(urlStr);
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HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
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conn.setConnectTimeout(15 * 1000);
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conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
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conn.setRequestProperty(
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"Accept",
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"image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*");
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conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
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conn.setRequestProperty("Referer", urlStr);
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conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
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conn.setRequestProperty(
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"User-Agent",
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"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
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conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
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conn.connect();
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if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200)
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{
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this.fileSize = conn.getContentLength();// 根据响应获取文件大小
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if (fileSize <= 0)
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throw new RuntimeException(
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"the file that you download has a wrong size ... ");
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File dir = new File(dirStr);
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if (!dir.exists())
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dir.mkdirs();
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this.localFile = new File(dir, filename);
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RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(this.localFile, "rw");
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raf.setLength(fileSize);
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raf.close();
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System.out.println("需要下载的文件大小为 :" + this.fileSize + " , 存储位置为: "
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+ dirStr + "/" + filename);
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} else
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{
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throw new RuntimeException("url that you conneted has error ...");
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}
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}
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private class DownloadThread extends Thread
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{
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/**
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* 下载文件的URI
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*/
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private URL url;
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/**
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* 存的本地路径
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*/
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private File localFile;
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/**
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* 是否结束
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*/
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private boolean isFinish;
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/**
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* 开始的位置
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*/
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private Long startPos;
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/**
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* 结束位置
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*/
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private Long endPos;
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public DownloadThread(URL url, File savefile, Long startPos, Long endPos)
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{
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this.url = url;
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this.localFile = savefile;
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this.startPos = startPos;
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this.endPos = endPos;
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}
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@Override
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public void run()
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{
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System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始下载...");
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try
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{
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HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url
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.openConnection();
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conn.setConnectTimeout(15 * 1000);
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conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
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conn.setRequestProperty(
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"Accept",
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"image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*");
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conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
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conn.setRequestProperty("Referer", url.toString());
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conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
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conn.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startPos + "-"
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+ endPos);// 设置获取实体数据的范围
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conn.setRequestProperty(
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"User-Agent",
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"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
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conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
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conn.connect();
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/**
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* 代表服务器已经成功处理了部分GET请求
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*/
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if (conn.getResponseCode() == 206)
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{
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InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
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int len = 0;
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byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
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RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(localFile,
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"rwd");
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raf.seek(startPos);
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while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1)
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{
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raf.write(buf, 0, len);
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}
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raf.close();
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is.close();
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System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
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+ "完成下载 : " + startPos + " -- " + endPos);
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this.isFinish = true;
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} else
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{
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throw new RuntimeException(
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"url that you conneted has error ...");
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}
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} catch (IOException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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}
createFileByUrl方法,就是我们上述的原理的步骤1,得到文件大小和创建本地文件。我在程序使用了一个内部类DownloadThread继承Thread,专门负责下载。download()方法,根据线程数量和文件大小计算每个线程需要下载的字节区间,然后开启线程去下载。
服务器端:我就扔了几个文件在Tomcat根目录做实验,下面是测试代码:
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package com.zhy.mutilthread_download;
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import java.io.IOException;
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public class Test
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{
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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try
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{
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new MultipartThreadDownloador("http://localhost:8080/nexus.zip",
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"f:/backup/nexus", "nexus.zip", 2).download();
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} catch (IOException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
输出结果:
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需要下载的文件大小为 :31143237 , 存储位置为: f:/backup/nexus/nexus.zip
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Thread-1开始下载...
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Thread-2开始下载...
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Thread-3开始下载...
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Thread-4开始下载...
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Thread-4完成下载 : 23357430 -- 31143237
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Thread-2完成下载 : 7785810 -- 15571619
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Thread-1完成下载 : 0 -- 7785809
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Thread-3完成下载 : 15571620 -- 23357429
截图: