场景:有三个线程t1、t2、t3。确保三个线程t1执行完后t2执行,t2执行完成后t3执行。
1.使用join
thread.Join把指定的线程加入到当前线程,可以将两个交替执行的线程合并为顺序执行的线程。比如在线程B中调用了线程A的Join()方法,直到线程A执行完毕后,才会继续执行线程B。
t.join(); //调用join方法,等待线程t执行完毕
t.join(1000); //等待 t 线程,等待时间是1000毫秒。
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public class ThreadTest1 {
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// T1、T2、T3三个线程顺序执行
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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Thread t1 = new Thread(new Work(null));
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Thread t2 = new Thread(new Work(t1));
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Thread t3 = new Thread(new Work(t2));
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t1.start();
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t2.start();
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t3.start();
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}
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static class Work implements Runnable {
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private Thread beforeThread;
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public Work(Thread beforeThread) {
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this.beforeThread = beforeThread;
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}
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public void run() {
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if (beforeThread != null) {
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try {
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beforeThread.join();
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System.out.println("thread start:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
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} catch (InterruptedException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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} else {
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System.out.println("thread start:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
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}
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}
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}
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}
2.使用CountDownLatch
CountDownLatch(闭锁)是一个很有用的工具类,利用它我们可以拦截一个或多个线程使其在某个条件成熟后再执行。它的内部提供了一个计数器,在构造闭锁时必须指定计数器的初始值,且计数器的初始值必须大于0。另外它还提供了一个countDown方法来操作计数器的值,每调用一次countDown方法计数器都会减1,直到计数器的值减为0时就代表条件已成熟,所有因调用await方法而阻塞的线程都会被唤醒。这就是CountDownLatch的内部机制,看起来很简单,无非就是阻塞一部分线程让其在达到某个条件之后再执行。
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public class ThreadTest2 {
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// T1、T2、T3三个线程顺序执行
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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CountDownLatch c0 = new CountDownLatch(0); //计数器为0
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CountDownLatch c1 = new CountDownLatch(1); //计数器为1
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CountDownLatch c2 = new CountDownLatch(1); //计数器为1
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Thread t1 = new Thread(new Work(c0, c1));
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//c0为0,t1可以执行。t1的计数器减1
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Thread t2 = new Thread(new Work(c1, c2));
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//t1的计数器为0时,t2才能执行。t2的计数器c2减1
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Thread t3 = new Thread(new Work(c2, c2));
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//t2的计数器c2为0时,t3才能执行
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t1.start();
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t2.start();
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t3.start();
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}
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//定义Work线程类,需要传入开始和结束的CountDownLatch参数
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static class Work implements Runnable {
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CountDownLatch c1;
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CountDownLatch c2;
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Work(CountDownLatch c1, CountDownLatch c2) {
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super();
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this.c1 = c1;
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this.c2 = c2;
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}
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public void run() {
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try {
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c1.await();//前一线程为0才可以执行
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System.out.println("thread start:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
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c2.countDown();//本线程计数器减少
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} catch (InterruptedException e) {
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}
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}
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}
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}
3.CachedThreadPool
FutureTask一个可取消的异步计算,FutureTask 实现了Future的基本方法,提空 start cancel 操作,可以查询计算是否已经完成,并且可以获取计算的结果。结果只可以在计算完成之后获取,get方法会阻塞当计算没有完成的时候,一旦计算已经完成,那么计算就不能再次启动或是取消。
一个FutureTask 可以用来包装一个 Callable 或是一个runnable对象。因为FurtureTask实现了Runnable方法,所以一个 FutureTask可以提交(submit)给一个Excutor执行(excution).
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public class ThreadTest3 {
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// T1、T2、T3三个线程顺序执行
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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FutureTask<Integer> future1= new FutureTask<Integer>(new Work(null));
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Thread t1 = new Thread(future1);
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FutureTask<Integer> future2= new FutureTask<Integer>(new Work(future1));
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Thread t2 = new Thread(future2);
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FutureTask<Integer> future3= new FutureTask<Integer>(new Work(future2));
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Thread t3 = new Thread(future3);
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t1.start();
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t2.start();
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t3.start();
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}
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static class Work implements Callable<Integer> {
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private FutureTask<Integer> beforeFutureTask;
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public Work(FutureTask<Integer> beforeFutureTask) {
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this.beforeFutureTask = beforeFutureTask;
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}
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public Integer call() throws Exception {
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if (beforeFutureTask != null) {
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Integer result = beforeFutureTask.get();//阻塞等待
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System.out.println("thread start:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
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} else {
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System.out.println("thread start:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
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}
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return 0;
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}
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}
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}
4.使用blockingQueue
阻塞队列 (BlockingQueue)是Java util.concurrent包下重要的数据结构,BlockingQueue提供了线程安全的队列访问方式:当阻塞队列进行插入数据时,如果队列已满,线程将会阻塞等待直到队列非满;从阻塞队列取数据时,如果队列已空,线程将会阻塞等待直到队列非空。并发包下很多高级同步类的实现都是基于BlockingQueue实现的。
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public class ThreadTest4 {
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// T1、T2、T3三个线程顺序执行
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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//blockingQueue保证顺序
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BlockingQueue<Thread> blockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Thread>();
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Thread t1 = new Thread(new Work());
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Thread t2 = new Thread(new Work());
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Thread t3 = new Thread(new Work());
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blockingQueue.add(t1);
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blockingQueue.add(t2);
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blockingQueue.add(t3);
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for (int i=0;i<3;i++) {
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Thread t = null;
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try {
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t = blockingQueue.take();
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} catch (InterruptedException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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t.start();
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//检测线程是否还活着
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while (t.isAlive());
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}
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}
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static class Work implements Runnable {
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public void run() {
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System.out.println("thread start:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
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}
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}
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}
5.使用单个线程池
newSingleThreadExecutor返回以个包含单线程的Executor,将多个任务交给此Exector时,这个线程处理完一个任务后接着处理下一个任务,若该线程出现异常,将会有一个新的线程来替代。
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public class ThreadTest5 {
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public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
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final Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
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public void run() {
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System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run 1");
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}
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}, "T1");
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final Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
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public void run() {
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System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run 2");
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try {
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t1.join(10);
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} catch (InterruptedException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}, "T2");
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final Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
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public void run() {
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System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run 3");
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try {
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t2.join(10);
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} catch (InterruptedException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}, "T3");
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//使用 单个任务的线程池来实现。保证线程的依次执行
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ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
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executor.submit(t1);
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executor.submit(t2);
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executor.submit(t3);
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executor.shutdown();
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}
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}