Java服务端服务网关：Spring Cloud Gateway的高级配置

Java服务端服务网关：Spring Cloud Gateway的高级配置

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在微服务架构中，服务网关是系统与外界交互的关键组件，它负责请求路由、过滤、限流等任务。Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring Cloud生态系统中的一个反应式网关，基于WebFlux框架构建。本文将探讨Spring Cloud Gateway的高级配置，包括路由配置、过滤器、限流和认证等。

1. 路由配置

路由是网关的基本功能，它决定了请求如何被转发到后端服务。

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class GatewayRoutes {
    
    @Bean
    public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                .route("path_route", r -> r.path("/get")
                        .filters(f -> f.addRequestHeader("Hello", "World"))
                        .uri("http://example.org"))
                .route("host_route", r -> r.host("*.myhost.org")
                        .uri("http://example.com"))
                .build();
    }
}

2. 过滤器配置

过滤器用于修改经过网关的请求和响应，可以实现请求日志记录、修改请求头等功能。

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

@Component
public class MyGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter {

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        // 在调用链之前执行
        System.out.println("Pre filter logic");

        return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
            // 在调用链之后执行
            System.out.println("Post filter logic");
        }));
    }
}

3. 限流配置

限流是防止系统过载的重要手段，Spring Cloud Gateway支持多种限流策略。

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.ratelimit.RateLimiter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.ratelimit.RedisRateLimiter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class GatewayRateLimiting {

    @Bean
    public RateLimiter redisRateLimiter() {
        return new RedisRateLimiter(1, 2);
    }
}

4. 认证与授权

认证和授权是保护服务安全的重要机制，Spring Cloud Gateway支持多种认证方式。

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.web.server.ServerHttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.web.server.SecurityWebFilterChain;

@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig {

    @Bean
    public SecurityWebFilterChain springWebFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
        http
            .authorizeExchange(exchanges -> exchanges
                .pathMatchers("/public/**").permitAll()
                .anyExchange().authenticated())
            .httpBasic();
        return http.build();
    }
}

5. 动态路由

动态路由允许在运行时根据条件动态修改路由规则。

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class DynamicRouteConfig {

    @Value("${dynamic.route.expression}")
    private String dynamicRouteExpression;

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator dynamicRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                .route("dynamic_route", r -> r.path(dynamicRouteExpression)
                        .uri("http://example.com"))
                .build();
    }
}

6. 集成服务发现

集成服务发现组件，如Eureka或Consul，可以使网关自动注册和发现服务。

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class ServiceDiscoveryRouteConfig {

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator serviceDiscoveryRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                .route("service_route", r -> r.serviceId("my-service")
                        .uri("lb://MY-SERVICE"))
                .build();
    }
}

7. 熔断器配置

熔断器可以在后端服务不可用时保护系统，防止系统过载。

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class CircuitBreakerConfig {

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator circuitBreakerRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                .route("circuit_breaker_route", r -> r.path("/fallback")
                        .filters(f -> f.hystrix(c -> c.setName("fallbackcmd")
                                .setFallbackUri("forward:/fallback")))
                        .uri("http://example.com"))
                .build();
    }
}

通过上述高级配置，Spring Cloud Gateway可以满足复杂的路由需求、增强安全性、提高系统的稳定性和可靠性。

本文著作权归聚娃科技微赚淘客系统开发者团队，转载请注明出处！