Netty编解码器

Netty是一个高可用的java 网络开源框架，目前的版本是Netty4。本文主要介绍Netty编解码器个人的理解

Netty编解码器基本接口

图片:

ChannelHandler接口

上图是Netty基本接口的关系，如图Netty中所有编解码器均实现ChannelHandler接口。在ChannelPipeline中会将编码器和解码器组成入站和出站队列。该过程使用的是责任链模式。

ChannelInboundHandler接口

ChannelInboundHandler接口处理所有入站操作，所有编码器均需实现该接口。当接收数据时数据在入站队列中处理并传递

ChannelOutboundHandler接口

ChannelOutboundHandler接口处理所有出站操作，所有解码器均需实现该接口。当发送数据时，在出站队列中处理并传递。

Netty常用编解码器

了解如上接口可以帮助理解Netty网络数据的处理流程，但实际使用中，我们并不会直接接触以上接口。下面介绍的是实际使用中常用的编解码类。

Netty中通用编码器基类

ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter类

在Netty中所有的解码器均继承于该类，如上图该类继承了ChannelInboundHandler接口，处理入站操作

ChannelOutboundHandler类

在Netty中所有的编码器均继承于该类，如上图该类继承了ChannelInboundHandler接口，处理出站操作

Netty中主要编码器

ByteToMessageDecoder类

public abstract class ByteToMessageDecoder extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    /**
     * Decode the from one {@link ByteBuf} to an other. This method will be called till either the input
     * {@link ByteBuf} has nothing to read when return from this method or till nothing was read from the input
     * {@link ByteBuf}.
     *
     * @param ctx           the {@link ChannelHandlerContext} which this {@link ByteToMessageDecoder} belongs to
     * @param in            the {@link ByteBuf} from which to read data
     * @param out           the {@link List} to which decoded messages should be added
     * @throws Exception    is thrown if an error occurs
     */
	protected abstract void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception;

}

Netty的应用中需要继承ByteToMessageDecoder类，并重写decode方法。该类主要作用是将网络的数据流转换为网络消息。一般使用Netty是均需重写该类或其子类。

MessageToMessageDecoder类

public abstract class MessageToMessageDecoder<I> extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    /**
     * Decode from one message to an other. This method will be called for each written message that can be handled
     * by this encoder.
     *
     * @param ctx           the {@link ChannelHandlerContext} which this {@link MessageToMessageDecoder} belongs to
     * @param msg           the message to decode to an other one
     * @param out           the {@link List} to which decoded messages should be added
     * @throws Exception    is thrown if an error occurs
     */
    protected abstract void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, I msg, List<Object> out) throws Exception;
}

在复杂网路应用中，需要网络信息的转换，在使用ByteToMessageDecoder类后需要使用MessageToMessageDecoder类。同样，在使用时需要重写该类或其子类的decode方法。

Netty中主要解码器

MessageToByteEncoder

public abstract class MessageToByteEncoder<I> extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
    /**
     * Encode a message into a {@link ByteBuf}. This method will be called for each written message that can be handled
     * by this encoder.
     *
     * @param ctx           the {@link ChannelHandlerContext} which this {@link MessageToByteEncoder} belongs to
     * @param msg           the message to encode
     * @param out           the {@link ByteBuf} into which the encoded message will be written
     * @throws Exception    is thrown if an error occurs
     */
    protected abstract void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, I msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception;
}

在Netty应用中需要继承MessageToByteEncoder或其子类，并重写encode方法。

MessageToMessageEncoder

public abstract class MessageToMessageEncoder<I> extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
    /**
     * Encode from one message to an other. This method will be called for each written message that can be handled
     * by this encoder.
     *
     * @param ctx           the {@link ChannelHandlerContext} which this {@link MessageToMessageEncoder} belongs to
     * @param msg           the message to encode to an other one
     * @param out           the {@link List} into which the encoded msg should be added
     *                      needs to do some kind of aggregation
     * @throws Exception    is thrown if an error occurs
     */
    protected abstract void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, I msg, List<Object> out) throws Exception;
}

在复杂网路应用中，需要网络信息的转换，在使用MessageToByteEncoder或子类前需要使用MessageToMessageEncoder进行网络格式转换，使用方法与上面相同，重写上面encode方法。