SpringMVC之响应数据和结果视图（三）

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 20:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 20:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： SpringMVC 文章标签： spring java ajax 过滤器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sygg12345666/article/details/108871567

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SpringMVC之响应数据和结果视图

一、返回值分类
二、SpringMVC框架提供的转发和重定向
- 1. forward请求转发
- 2. redirect重定向
三、 ResponseBody响应json数据

一、返回值分类

1.返回字符串

Controller方法返回字符串可以指定逻辑视图的名称，根据视图解析器为物理视图的地址。
//指定逻辑视图名，经过视图解析器解析为 jsp 物理路径：/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp

response.jsp

	<a href="user/testString" >testString</a>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h3>执行成功</h3>

    ${user.username}
    ${user.password}

</body>
</html>

UserController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    /**
     * 返回String
     * @param model
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testString")
    public String testString(Model model){
        System.out.println("testString方法执行了...");
        // 模拟从数据库中查询出User对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("美美");
        user.setPassword("123");
        user.setAge(30);
        // model对象
        model.addAttribute("user",user);
        return "success";
    }
}

执行结果

在这里插入图片描述

2.返回值是void

如果控制器的方法返回值编写成void，执行程序报404的异常，默认查找JSP页面没有找到。
可以使用请求转发或者重定向跳转到指定的页面

response.jsp

	<a href="user/testVoid" >testVoid</a>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h3>执行成功</h3>

    ${user.username}
    ${user.password}

</body>
</html>

UserController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    /**
     * 是void
     * 请求转发一次请求，不用编写项目的名称
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testVoid")
    public void testVoid(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("testVoid方法执行了...");
        // 编写请求转发的程序
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp").forward(request,response);

        // 重定向
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");

        // 设置中文乱码
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        // 直接会进行响应
        response.getWriter().print("你好");

        return;
    }
}

执行结果

在这里插入图片描述

3. 返回值是ModelAndView对象

ModelAndView对象是Spring提供的一个对象，可以用来调整具体的JSP视图

response.jsp

	<a href="user/testModelAndView" >testModelAndView</a>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h3>执行成功</h3>

    ${user.username}
    ${user.password}

</body>
</html>

UserController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    /**
     * 返回ModelAndView
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testModelAndView")
    public ModelAndView testModelAndView(){
        // 创建ModelAndView对象
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        System.out.println("testModelAndView方法执行了...");
        // 模拟从数据库中查询出User对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("小凤");
        user.setPassword("456");
        user.setAge(30);

        // 把user对象存储到mv对象中，也会把user对象存入到request对象
        mv.addObject("user",user);

        // 跳转到哪个页面
        mv.setViewName("success");

        return mv;
    }
}

执行结果

在这里插入图片描述

二、SpringMVC框架提供的转发和重定向

1. forward请求转发

response.jsp

	 <a href="user/testForwardOrRedirect" >testForwardOrRedirect</a>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h3>执行成功</h3>

    ${user.username}
    ${user.password}

</body>
</html>

UserController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    /**
     * 使用关键字的方式进行转发或者重定向
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testForwardOrRedirect")
    public String testForwardOrRedirect(){
        System.out.println("testForwardOrRedirect方法执行了...");

        // 请求的转发
        return "forward:/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp";
    }
}

执行结果

在这里插入图片描述

2. redirect重定向

response.jsp

	 <a href="user/testForwardOrRedirect" >testForwardOrRedirect</a>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h3>执行成功</h3>

    ${user.username}
    ${user.password}

</body>
</html>

UserController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    /**
     * 使用关键字的方式进行转发或者重定向
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testForwardOrRedirect")
    public String testForwardOrRedirect(){
        System.out.println("testForwardOrRedirect方法执行了...");

        // 重定向
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
}

执行结果

在这里插入图片描述

三、 ResponseBody响应json数据

DispatcherServlet会拦截到所有的资源，导致一个问题就是静态资源（img、css、js）也会被拦截到，从而不能被使用。解决问题就是需要配置静态资源不进行拦截，在springmvc.xml配置文件添加如下配置

mvc:resources标签配置不过滤
location元素表示webapp目录下的包下的所有文件
mapping元素表示以/static开头的所有请求路径，如/static/a 或者/static/a/b

<!-- 设置静态资源不过滤 -->
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/> 
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.hzxy</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringMVC_day0201</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>SpringMVC_day0201 Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>SpringMVC_day0201</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!--配置前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hzxy"/>

    <!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--前端控制器，哪些静态资源不拦截-->
    <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
    <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>

    <!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

</beans>

UserController.clsss

package com.hzxy.controller;

import cn.hzxy.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    /**
     * 模拟异步请求响应
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testAjax")
    public @ResponseBody User testAjax(@RequestBody User user){
        System.out.println("testAjax方法执行了...");
        // 客户端发送ajax的请求，传的是json字符串，后端把json字符串封装到user对象中
        System.out.println(user);
        // 做响应，模拟查询数据库
        user.setUsername("haha");
        user.setAge(40);
        // 做响应
        return user;
    }
}

response.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>SpringMVC之响应数据和结果视图</title>
    <script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>	<!--配置文件-->
  
    <script>
        // 页面加载，绑定单击事件
        $(function(){
            $("#btn").click(function(){
                // alert("hello btn");
                // 发送ajax请求
                $.ajax({
                    // 编写json格式，设置属性和值
                    url:"user/testAjax",
                    contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
                    data:'{"username":"hehe","password":"123","age":30}',
                    dataType:"json",
                    type:"post",
                    success:function(data){
                        // data服务器端响应的json的数据，进行解析
                        alert(data);
                        alert(data.username);
                        alert(data.password);
                        alert(data.age);
                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
    
</head>
<body>

    <button id="btn">发送ajax的请求</button>
    
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h3>执行成功</h3>
    
    ${user.username}
    ${user.password}
    
</body>
</html>